The Atomic Nucleus

Description

Front Page Title Page CONTENTS Chapter 1 RADIOACTIVITY Becquerel's Discovery The Properties of Radioactive Radiation The Energy Radiated by Radium Alpha, Beta and Gamma Bays The Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays What Is an Alpha Particle? Radium Emanation (Radon) The Hypothesis of Radioactive Decay The Spinthariscope The Geiger Counter The Cloud Chamber The Photographic Method of Registering Alpha Particles The Charge of an Alpha Particle The Decay Time of Radium and Uranium Once More About the Energy Contained in Atoms of Radium Isotopes Brief Summary Chapter 2 THE NUCLEAR MODEL OF THE ATOM Scattering of Alpha Particles The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden The Static Model of the Atom The Nuclear Model of the Atom The Relation Between the Place of an Element in Mendeleyev's Periodic System and the Charge of Its Nucleus Measuring the Charge of the Nucleus with X-Rays Chapter 3 THE MASS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI Measuring the Mass of an Atom Separating the Isotopes of Neon Isotopes of Stable Elements Prout’s Hypothesis The Binding Energy of Nuclei Methods of Separating Isotopes Separating the Isotopes of Hydrogen Chapter 4 THE DISINTEGRATION OF ATOMIC NUCLEI Anomalous Scattering of Alpha Particles The Disintegration of Nitrogen Nuclei The Disintegration of Other Elements Blackett’s Experiments Nitrogen Converted into Oxygen Why Don’t All Elements Disintegrate Under the Action of Alpha Particles? The Discovery of the Neutron Ways of Observing Neutrons Nuclear Transformations That Produce Neutrons Nuclear Transformations Produced by Neutrons Chapter 5 THE DISCOVERY OF THE POSITRON What Is a Positron? Cosmic Rays Skobeltsyn’s Experiments How the Positron Was Discovered The “Birth and Death” of Electrons Chapter 6 THE ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATIONOF ATOMIC NUCLEI The First Apparatus for the Artificial Disintegration of Atomic Nuclei The Disintegration of Lithium An Experimental Verification of Einstein’sEquation The Van de Graaff Generator Acceleration by an Alternating Electric Field The Cyclotron The Betatron New Types of Charged-Particle Accelerators Chapter 7 ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity Artificial Radioactivity Induced by Neutrons Thermal Neutrons Neutron Capture That Does Not Lead to Radioactivity Isomerism of Atomic Nuclei New Chemical Elements Chapter 8 MESONS Ionization and Radiative Losses Showers The Discovery of the Meson The Lifetime of a Meson The Mass of Mesons Nuclear Transformations Produced by Pi-Mesons and the Transformation of Pi- and Mu-Mesons Heavy Mesons Hyperons Again About Cosmic Rays Chapter 9 THE NEUTRINO The Pauli Hypothesis K-Capture Allen’s Experiments Chapter 10 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMIC NUCLEI AND THE FORCES ACTING BETWEEN NUCLEAR PARTICLES Are There Electrons in Atomic Nuclei? What Are Atomic Nuclei Made of? The Radioactivity of the Neutron Nuclear Forces A Model of the Nucleus Nuclear Transformations Accompanied by the Ejection of Several Particles Chapter 11 NUCLEAR FISSION Neutron Capture by Uranium An Investigation of the Nature of the Transuranium Elements The Discovery of Rare-Earth Elements Among the Decay Products of Uranium The Fission of Uranium Chemical Elements with Atomic Numbers Above 92 Nuclear Fragments and Their Energy Secondary Neutrons Thermal Neutrons and the Fission of Uranium The Spontaneous Fission of Uranium-235 Nuclei Chapter 12 NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS The Chain Reaction The Nuclear Reactor The First Soviet Uranium Reactor The Atomic Bomb Chapter 13 THE PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY Atomic Power Stations Atomic Power Plants Tracer Atoms and Their Use in the National Economy Chapter 14 THERMONUCLEAR REACTIONS The Binding Energy per Nuclear Particle The Energy Liberated in Nuclear Fusion Thermonuclear Reactions The Hydrogen Bomb Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions APPENDIX Back Cover