Antennas For Small Mobile Terminals

Description

With the progress and rapid increase in mobile terminals, the design of antennas for these small systems is becoming more and more important. This forward-looking volume offers professionals current and comprehensive coverage of the design, development, and implementation of small, compact, and lightweight antennas in mobile communication terminals. The book discusses a wide range of communication systems, from Radio-frequency identification (RFID), and near field communications (NFC), to wireless power transmission (WPT) and broadband wireless networks. Engineers learn how to use small antennas in mobile phones, wearable systems, laptop computers, radio watches, and broadband wireless networks such as WLAN and WiMAX. This definite reference covers the critical applications today's professionals need to understand, from antennas for IoT and antenna design for 5G mm-wave devices, to body-centric communication systems and antennas for unmanned aerial vehicles. Antennas for Small Mobile Terminals......Page 2 Contents......Page 6 1.1 Introduction......Page 12 2.1 Introduction......Page 14 2.2 The Definition of Electrically Small......Page 15 2.3 Fundamental Antenna Performance Properties......Page 17 2.4 The Chu Limit......Page 21 2.5 Properties of the Electrically Small Dipole and Loop Antennas......Page 24 2.6 Techniques to Design Small Antennas......Page 28 References......Page 29 3.1 Types of Small Antennas......Page 32 3.2 Types of Small Mobile Terminals ......Page 41 4.1.1 Overview of the IoT......Page 44 4.1.2 Connectivity Technologies and Challenges for the IoT......Page 46 4.1.3 Overview of the CMA......Page 47 4.2.1 Narrowband Antennas......Page 49 4.2.2 UWB Antennas......Page 53 4.3 RFID-Based Humidity Sensor......Page 60 References......Page 64 5.1 Introduction......Page 68 5.2 Overview of WPT Via Radio Wave......Page 69 5.3 Beam Efficiency of WPT Via Radio Waves......Page 72 5.4 Requirements of Antenna for WPT Via Radio Waves......Page 74 5.5 Characteristics of Antenna Array at the Receiver for WPT Via Radio Waves......Page 75 5.6 Various Applications of WPT......Page 76 5.7 Conclusions......Page 78 References......Page 81 6.1 Introduction......Page 84 6.2.3 Body Effect......Page 85 6.3 Antenna for Smartphone......Page 87 6.3.1 Antenna Type for Smartphone......Page 88 6.3.2 Tunable Antenna......Page 93 7.1.1 Antenna Design for Wearable Devices......Page 100 7.1.3 Metal Exterior Antennas in a Wearable Device......Page 101 7.1.4 Transparent Conducting Patch Antenna for a Wearable Device......Page 102 7.1.5 Liquid Crystal Antenna for Wearable Antenna......Page 105 7.2 SAR of a Wearable Device......Page 106 7.3.1 Body Area Network Via a 2.4-GHz System......Page 109 7.3.2 Body Area Network Via a Megahertz Frequency Range......Page 111 7.4 Summary......Page 115 References......Page 116 8.1 Antennas for Laptop Computers......Page 120 8.2 Tunable Multiband Antenna for Tablet Computers......Page 126 8.3 Low SAR Antenna for Tablet Computers......Page 130 8.4 Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Mobile Terminals......Page 131 8.4.1 Design Examples......Page 132 8.5.1 UHF-RFID Tag and Its Read Range......Page 136 8.5.2 Example of RFID Tag Antenna Design for Optical Discs......Page 139 References......Page 140 9.1 Introductions of the Millimeter-Wave Broadband System and Antennas in the Fifth Generation of the Communication System......Page 142 9.2.1 Millimeter-Wave Antennas without Beam Steering......Page 147 9.2.2 Millimeter-Wave Antennas with Beam Steering......Page 151 9.2.3 Millimeter-Wave Antenna Integration and Package......Page 153 9.3.1 Coverage of Millimeter-Wave Cellular Systems......Page 154 9.3.2 Antenna Arrays in 5G UE and the Assessment Methodologies......Page 155 9.3.3 User Body Effect on 5G UE Antennas......Page 158 9.3.4 Shadowing Loss in the Outdoor Environment......Page 160 9.3.5 Modeling of Human Body Blockage......Page 161 9.4 RF EMF Exposure Standards/Guidelines for 5G Millimeter-Wave User Equipment......Page 163 9.4.2 Power Constraint Due to Power Density Limits......Page 167 9.4.3 Conservative Power Density Assessment......Page 168 9.4.4 Power Density Assessment Based on Near-Field Reconstruction Algorithms......Page 169 References......Page 171 Selected Bibliography......Page 179 10 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles......Page 180 10.1 Communications......Page 181 10.2 SAR......Page 182 10.4 Conformal Antenna and Others......Page 184 References......Page 190 11.1 Introduction......Page 194 11.2 Antennas for In-Body Medical Devices......Page 196 11.2.1 Stationary Antennas in the Body......Page 199 11.3.1 Narrowband Antennas with Full Ground Plane......Page 202 11.3.3 Embroidered Antennas for Easy Integration in Clothing......Page 206 References......Page 210 12.1.1 Importance of Electromagnetic Simulation......Page 214 12.1.2 Classification of Electromagnetic Simulation Methods......Page 215 12.1.3 Major Electromagnetic Field Simulation Methods......Page 217 12.1.4 The Matrix Computation Method......Page 230 12.1.5 Examples of Electromagnetic Field Simulation......Page 231 12.2.1 Definition of Design Optimization......Page 238 12.2.3 Major Optimization Methods......Page 239 12.2.4 Topology Optimization Method as a New Optimization Approach......Page 243 12.2.5 Example of Antenna Optimization......Page 244 References......Page 246 13.1 Fundamentals of Evaluation......Page 248 13.2.1 Input impedance and Bandwidth......Page 250 13.2.2 Radiation Patterns and Gain......Page 251 13.2.3 Efficiency......Page 252 13.3.1 Method of Measurement by Using a Coaxial Cable......Page 254 13.3.2 Method of Measurement by Using Small Oscillator......Page 256 13.3.3 Method of Measurement by Using Fiber-Optics......Page 258 References......Page 263 14.1.1 Measurement Value: Radiation Efficiency in Free Space, Radiation Efficiency with the Human Body, and Mean Effective Gain......Page 266 14.1.2 Use Conditions......Page 268 14.2.1 Impedance measurements......Page 270 14.2.2 Radiation Performance Measurements......Page 271 14.4 Evaluations of 4 × 4 MIMO Antennas in a Cellular Phone Terminal......Page 275 14.5 Evaluations of GPS Antennas......Page 278 14.6 Evaluations of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Antennas......Page 281 References......Page 284 About the Editors......Page 286 Index ......Page 290