The International Alt-Right : Fascism for the 21st Century?

Description

The alt-right has been the most important new far-right grouping to appear in decades. Written by researchers from the anti-racist advocacy group HOPE not hate, this book provides a thorough, ground-breaking, and accessible overview of this dangerous new phenomenon. It explains where the alt-right came from, its history so far, what it believes, how it organises and operates, and its future trajectory. The alt-right is a genuinely transnational movement and this book is unique in offering a truly international perspective, outlining the influence of European ideas and movements as well as the alt-right's development in, and attitude towards, countries as diverse as Japan, India, and Russia. It examines the ideological tributaries that coagulated to form the alt-right, such as white supremacy, the neo-reactionary blogosphere, the European New Right, the anti-feminist manosphere, the libertarian movement, and digital hate culture exemplified by offensive memes and trolling. The authors explore the alt-right's views on gender, sexuality and masculinity, antisemitism and the Holocaust, race and IQ, globalisation and culture as well as its use of violence. The alt-right is a thoroughly modern far-right movement that uses cutting edge technology and this book reveals how they use cryptocurrencies, encryption, hacking, "meme warfare", social media, and the dark web. This will be essential reading for scholars and activists alike with an interest in race relations, fascism, extremism, and social movements. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Introduction What is the International Alternative Right? A conglomerate movement International and distinct Notes PART I: Ideas and beliefs 1. The European roots of alt-right ideology The long view: from Evola to the New Right The New Right Metapolitics Divergence between the alt-right and New Right Ideas on the rise Notes 2. A global anti-globalist movement: The Alternative Right, globalisation and “globalism” Globalisation, globalism and the far right A reactionary movement for reluctant globalists Exiting together: Globalism viewed from the Alternative Right Notes 3. For whom the bell curves: The alt-right and pseudoscientific racism Repackaging old ideas Human biodiversity Ethnocultural identity and ethnopluralism Notes 4. The Alternative Right, antisemitism and the Holocaust The alt-lite and cultural Marxism Kevin MacDonald and the alt-right The nature of alt-right antisemitism Alt-right antisemitic iconography Notes 5. Right-libertarianism and the Alternative Right A common cause The libertarian to alt-right pipeline One foot in each camp Paleolibertarianism Notes 6. Identitarianism in North America What is identitarianism? The American alt-right and identitarianism Defend Europe and the American alt-right Identity Evropa and Generation Identity The alt-right “doubles down” on identitarianism Canadian identitarianism Barriers to North American identitarianism A duty to “European blood and American soil”: A possible trajectory for North American identitarianism? Notes 7. The Dark Enlightenment: Neoreaction and Silicon Valley NRx ideology From the “reactosphere” to the NRx NRx and the Alternative Right The influence of NRx Fertile ground The prospects for NRx Notes PART II: Culture and activism 8. Art-right: Weaponising culture Meme aesthetics Classical motifs Fashwave Parody music Film, television and web series Gaming Fashion Metapolitics Notes 9. The role of the troll: Online antagonistic communities and the Alternative Right The origins of Alternative Right trolling Gamergate and the Alternative Right’s impact on the alternative media Who are the trolls? Trolling, irony, pseudo-intellectualism, and far-right sympathies The trolls are sincere Notes 10. Alt-tech: Co-opting and creating digital spaces Online separatism Free speech platforms A far-right safe space Alt-everything Funding platforms Limited successes Taking control of the infrastructure Bans and the victim narrative Notes 11. Gaming the algorithms: Exploitation of social media platforms by the Alternative Right The attention economy Sockpuppets and mass actions Strategic amplification and fake news Notes PART III: Gender and sexuality 12. From anger to ideology: A history of the manosphere The first wave: The manosphere wakes up The second wave: incel radicalisation, MRA organising and the “Roissysphere” The third wave: the manosphere as ideology Prospects for the manosphere Notes 13. Masculinity and misogyny in the Alternative Right Masculinity and male-only enclaves Women and the Alternative Right A vision unfulfilled Targeting women Notes 14. Sexuality and the Alternative Right The alt-lite: homonationalism and pinkwashing The mask slips The alt-right: reluctant tolerance Homophobia and homohysteria Notes PART IV: International 15. Japan and the Alternative Right Channels of hate: the Alternative Right and the Netto Uyoku To the streets Contextualising the Netto Uyoku and Zaitokukai Fetishising Japan Prospects for collaboration Notes 16. Russia and the Alternative Right Election interference Overlapping ideals Building a network Alexander Dugin The Kremlin’s support The far right in Russia Conclusion Notes 17. Myth, mysticism, India, and the alt-right The Aryan homeland The Kali Yuga Esoteric Hitlerism Hindutva Notes Conclusion Hostile environment Splits and division in the alt-right post-Charlottesville Notes Index