Active Galactic Nuclei: Fuelling and feedback

Description

Almost all galaxies host in their center a supermassive black hole of mass between a million and tens of billions solar masses. Supermassive black holes grow in symbiosis with their host galaxies across the Hubble time, occasionally accreting surround matter, giving rise to an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This book gives a general review of our current knowledge of AGN, powered by supermassive black holes: how they are fueled by gas (or stars) and what problems are encountered; how can we account for the wide variety of AGN, from Seyfert/Liners to quasars, and for the two types (AGN 1 and 2) either through dust obscuration, and geometrical orientation arguments, or through intrinsic activity difference, qualitative or quantitative. With modern instruments, providing high resolution and sensitivity, like ALMA in radio, or MUSE at the ESO/VLT, it is possible to unveil the interstellar medium and stars in the circumnuclear regions, discover molecular disks and tori, in the sphere of influence of the black holes. While AGN are accreting matter, they are providing so much energy that part of the surrounding gas is expelled and is observed in molecular outflows, identified as the main feedback process of AGN on their host. PRELIMS.pdf Preface Author Biography Françoise Combes CH001.pdf Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Some Brief History 1.2 Excitation of Lines, Masses 1.3 Variability and Size 1.4 Global Spectrum SED 1.5 The Central Engine 1.5.1 Last Stable Orbits 1.5.2 The Iron Kα Line 1.6 The AGN Zoo, Blazars, Quasars, and Others 1.7 Emission Lines, and the BPT Diagnostics 1.8 Unification Models 1.9 Radio Galaxies, and Radio Properties of AGN 1.9.1 Efficiency of AGN 1.9.2 High and Low Excitation for Radio Sources 1.9.3 Radio Jet Formation Bibliography http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...396..439L%3C/ext-link%3E%3Cpub-id pub-id-type= CH002.pdf Chapter 2 AGN Feeding 2.1 Black Hole Growth in Symbiosis with Their Host Galaxy 2.2 How to Feed a Supermassive Black Hole 2.2.1 The Swallowing of Stars 2.2.2 The Physics of Gas Accretion 2.2.3 Gravity Torques in a Barred Potential 2.2.4 Observations of Nuclear Spirals 2.3 AGN Feeding during Galaxy Interactions and Mergers 2.4 Formation at High Redshift: What Kind of Seeds? 2.4.1 The Growth Rate 2.4.2 Different Modes of Accretion Versus Redshift 2.4.3 Intermediate Mass Black Holes 2.4.4 Black Holes in Globular Clusters 2.4.5 Direct Collapse—Quasi-stars Bibliography CH003.pdf Chapter 3 AGN Feedback 3.1 Necessity of Feedback in Cosmology 3.2 Two Modes of Feedback 3.3 Energy or Momentum Conservation 3.4 Molecular and Ionized Gas Outflows 3.4.1 Nearby AGN Galaxies 3.4.2 Central Galaxies in Clusters 3.5 How Efficient is the AGN Feedback? Bibliography CH004.pdf Chapter 4 The Circumnuclear Region 4.1 The Necessity of a Dusty Torus 4.2 Dusty Torus SED 4.3 Molecular Tori 4.4 Polar Biconical Outflow 4.5 Misalignment Bibliography CH005.pdf Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 Summary of Recent Knowledge and New Ideas 5.1.1 Molecular Outflows 5.1.2 The Polar Dust Distribution 5.1.3 The Molecular Tori 5.1.4 The X-ray Winds 5.1.5 AGN Feedback Efficiency in BCG 5.2 Remaining Issues 5.2.1 Relative Role of Radiation-driven Winds and Radio Jets 5.2.2 (Re-)Formation of Molecular Clouds in Wind and Shock 5.2.3 Black Hole Growth and Seeds at High Redshift 5.2.4 AGN Negative or Positive Feedback 5.2.5 Unbiased Statistics of Outflows and ΛCDM Requirements Bibliography