Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging: Basic Theory and Practical Methodology

Description

This book introduces the fundamentals, instruments, methodology, and applications of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and related techniques. It provides an overview of SPRi development and an easy-to-understand interpretation of theory and operation principles. Some unique ideas proposed by the authors to design and set up SPRi devices and methods are disclosed for the first time. Crucial manipulation experiences are also summarized here, including chip surface functionalization, sensitivity enhancement and coupling of SPRi with other analytical techniques. The application of SPRi for molecular interaction study, featuring high throughput, label-freeness, and physiologically compatible analysis, is discussed in detail. This book is of interest and useful to a wide readership in bioanalytical chemistry, molecular biology, and many related interdisciplinary fields. Preface Contents Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of Plasma 1.1.1 Definition of Plasma 1.1.2 Sort of Plasma 1.1.3 Basic Property of Plasma 1.1.4 Brief History 1.2 Plasmon 1.3 Surface Plasmon 1.3.1 Basic Concepts 1.3.2 Application and Interpretation 1.4 Surface Plasmon Resonance and Basic Features 1.5 Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging 1.5.1 Definition 1.5.2 Basic Features 1.5.3 Development History 1.6 Hyphenation Aspects 1.7 Prospect of Developments References 2 Basic Theory 2.1 Vibration, Wave and Wave Function 2.2 Electromagnetic Waves 2.2.1 Basic Equations 2.2.2 Basic Features 2.2.3 Polarization 2.2.4 Propagation Across an Interface 2.2.5 Propagation Across Multi-interface 2.3 Plasmon and Related Waves 2.3.1 Motion Equations for Electrons and Ions in Metals 2.3.2 Volume Plasma Polarization and Propagation 2.3.3 Surface Plasma Polarization and Propagation 2.3.4 Localized Surface Plasma Polarizations on Nanoparticles 2.4 Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.4.1 Resonance with Light 2.4.2 Resonance with Electrons 2.5 Surface Plasmon Polarizations Scattered by Discrete Molecules and/or Particles References 3 Instrumentation 3.1 Sensitivity 3.2 Basic Instrumental Blocks 3.2.1 Core Coupler 3.2.2 Light Source and Path 3.2.3 Liquid Delivery Unit 3.2.4 Thermostat 3.2.5 Detection Unit 3.2.6 Central Control Unit 3.3 Summary References 4 Methodology 4.1 Potential Plasmonic Principles of Imaging 4.1.1 Localized Surface Plasmonic Absorption Imaging 4.1.2 Surface Plasmonic Scattering Imaging 4.1.3 Surface Plasmonic Resonance Imaging 4.2 Imaging of Continuous Adlayer 4.2.1 Imaging Parameter 4.2.2 Monochromatic Imaging 4.2.3 Color Imaging 4.2.4 Phase Imaging 4.2.5 Adsorption Isothermal Measurement 4.2.6 Adsorption Kinetic Measurement 4.2.7 Estimation of Propagation Depth and Adsorbed Parameters 4.2.8 Determination of Analytes in a Sample Solution 4.2.9 Limit of Detection 4.3 Imaging of Discrete Objects 4.3.1 Basic Principle 4.3.2 Image Enhancement 4.4 Preparation of Imaging Samples 4.4.1 Pretreatment of Imaging Samples 4.4.2 Contact Transfer Technology 4.4.3 Mechanical Spotting Technology 4.4.4 Photochemical Spotting Technology 4.5 Preparation of Sensor Chips 4.5.1 Deposition and Reformation of a Metal Film on Glass Slides 4.5.2 Preparation of Gold Microarray 4.5.3 Chemical Modification of Chip Surface 4.5.4 Preparation of Analytical Sensor Chip 4.5.5 Regeneration of Chips 4.6 Surface Chemistry 4.6.1 Chemistry for Bare Metal Surface 4.6.2 Linking Chemistry 4.6.3 Group Protection Chemistry 4.7 Imaging Data Recording and Treatment 4.7.1 Recording of Images 4.7.2 Analysis of Imaging Data 4.8 General Program for Method Development References 5 Interaction and Reaction 5.1 General Methodology 5.2 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Measurements 5.2.1 Measurement of Constants 5.2.2 Simultaneous Monitoring of Molecular Reactions 5.3 Simulating the Recognition of Membrane Receptors 5.4 Measuring Selectivity and Sensitivity 5.5 Mechanism Study of Anti-cancer Medicine 5.5.1 Basic Considerations and Approach 5.5.2 Some Special Conditions 5.5.3 Recognition Kinetics and Thermodynamics 5.5.4 Key Differences Between Cisplatin and Transplatin References 6 Analysis of Molecules and Biomolecules 6.1 Analysis of Nucleic Acid 6.1.1 Analysis of MicroRNA 6.1.2 Analysis of Nucleic Acid Analogues and Related Substances 6.2 Analysis of Saccharides 6.2.1 Selective Signal Amplification 6.2.2 Cyclic Signal Amplification 6.3 Analysis of Proteins 6.3.1 Spotting Solution 6.3.2 Imaging Limit 6.3.3 Lateral Flow and Diffusion 6.3.4 Background Interference 6.4 Imaging the Fingerprints 6.4.1 Basic Considerations 6.4.2 Basic Approach 6.4.3 Quantitative Analysis 6.4.4 Sports Monitoring References 7 Particle Assays 7.1 Main Challenges 7.2 General Strategy to Image Particles 7.3 Analysis of Nanoparticles 7.3.1 Quantification of Nanoparticles 7.3.2 Counting Nanoparticles 7.3.3 Direct Imaging of Exosomes 7.3.4 Indirect Imaging of Viruses 7.3.5 Imaging of Liposomes 7.4 Analysis of Cells 7.4.1 Challenges and Related Considerations 7.4.2 Analysis of Cells Only 7.4.3 Analysis of Cells Together with Molecules 7.5 Analysis of Bacteria 7.5.1 Imaging of Crowded Bacteria References 8 Process and Bioprocess Analysis 8.1 Introduction to Process Analysis 8.1.1 Process, Instruments and Methods 8.1.2 Application of SPRi to Process Analysis 8.2 At Line or Inline Screening of Aptamers 8.3 Pharmaceutical Process Analysis 8.4 Clinical (Process) Analysis 8.4.1 Key Challenges 8.4.2 Analysis of Type I Allergy 8.4.3 Diagnosis of Other Diseases 8.5 Reaction Process Analysis References 9 Challenges and Prospects 9.1 Basic Challenges 9.2 Issue on Sensitivity 9.3 Removal of Image Distortion and Related Issues 9.4 Sensor Films-Associated Issues 9.4.1 Preparation Challenge 9.4.2 Limited Sensing Depth and Stability 9.4.3 Janus-Like Metal Conductance 9.5 Comprehensive Utilization of SPPs 9.5.1 In Situ Coupling of SPRi with Electrochemistry 9.5.2 Coupling of SPRi with Other Optical Imaging Methods 9.5.3 Coupling of SPRi with MS, MSi and Other Identification Techniques 9.5.4 Exploration of SPRi as an Array Detector References Index