The Counseling Practicum and Internship Manual: A Resource for Graduate Counseling Students

Description

This best-selling guide to the practicum and internship experience, written expressly for graduate counseling students by a seasoned counselor and educator, is now substantially revised. New and expanded content touches on CACREP developments, trauma-informed care, social media, mindfulness, multicultural competencies, and more. With a strong focus on counseling as a specific professional identity, the book helps graduate students and new counselors develop their own approach to counseling and supervision, maintaining beneficial working relationships, self-care, sharpening writing skills, and record keeping. A completely new chapter focuses on trauma-informed care developed from evidence-based approaches. Concise and accessible, the book describes everything students need to know as they enter and progress through the practicum and internship process. Replete with case examples and sample forms, it encompasses information on how to select and apply for practicum/internships in all settings. It also examines ethical and legal issues, ensuring student safety at field sites, and clinical issues including teletherapy and termination. Instructor and student ancillary materials are included with this new edition. The print version of the book includes free, searchable, digital access to the entire contents! New to the Third Edition: • Updated to include content on 2014 ACA Code of Ethics and CACREP developments • New chapter on trauma-informed care including evidence-based approaches • Information on crisis intervention and de-escalation • Increased content on supervision styles and models • Expanded information on student safety at field sites, job searching, dealing with mandated/resistant clients, and goal setting and self-evaluation • Receiving feedback from supervisors and providing feedback to peers • Stages of change/client willingness to change as counseling model • Discussions about social media, vicarious trauma, cyberbullying, and mindfulness • Teletherapy including confidentiality issues, hacking, encryption, and legal issues • Multicultural counseling competencies • Expanded case studies • New Instructor's Manual and PowerPoint slides Key Features: • Focuses on counseling as a specific professional identity and mentors students in a supportive, user-friendly style • Covers everything students need to know as they enter and progress though the practicum/internship process • Includes abundant case examples • A concluding chapter on preparing for the job search, résumés, cover letters, and negotiating salary Cover Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Share: The Counseling Practicum and Internship Manual Chapter 1: Introduction to the Counseling Profession and the Practicum/Internship Experience Introduction Identity Definition of Professional Counseling Maturation of a Profession Medicare: The Counseling Profession’s Next Frontier Professional Counseling Organizations American Counseling Association Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. Center for Credentialing and Education Council on Rehabilitation Education Exhibit 1.1 Divisions and Affiliates of the Aca Counselor Licensure Occupational Outlook for Counselors Practicum Versus Internship Practicum/Internship Requirements Contact Hours Exhibit 1.2 Hourly Practicum/Internship Activities Log Practicum/Internship Class Academic and On-site Supervision Conclusion References Chapter 2: Selecting and Applying for a Practicum/Internship Introduction Selecting a Practicum/Internship Exhibit 2.1 Counseling Practicum/Internship Site Information Form Clinical Populations Level of Responsibility Your Site Supervisor Accreditations and Affiliations of the Site Professional Practices and Resources The Informational Interview Applying for the Practicum/Internship Your Résumé or Curriculum Vitae The Formal Interview Exhibit 2.2 Sample Counseling Practicum Application Cover Letter Exhibit 2.3 Sample Counseling Internship Résumé The Practicum/Internship Contract Final Issues to Consider Exhibit 2.4 Counseling Practicum and Internship Search Checklist Conclusion References Chapter 3: Ethical and Legal Issues Introduction Competent Ethical Practice for Counselors Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Informed Consent Exhibit 3.1 Informed Consent Form for Counseling Clients Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Privileged Communication Exceptions to Confidentiality Case Study 3.1 The Case of Harriet: The Counselor’s Role Regarding Terminally Ill Patients and Suicide Recommendations for Practicum/Internship Technology and Client Records Boundary Issues: Dual Relationships in Counseling Case Study 3.2 Navigating Dual Relationships with Clients and Former Clients Case Study 3.3 The Case of Ginger and Kimber: Counseling in a Remote Community Sexual Intimacy with Clients Maintaining Professional Boundaries Other Boundary Issues of Concern Case Study 3.4 The Case of Jim: Cultural Expectations as a Tribal Reservation Counselor Liability Insurance Conclusion References Chapter 4: Clinical Issues in Practicum/Internship Introduction Building the Therapeutic Alliance Initial Intake Form Exhibit 4.1 Initial Intake Form for Counseling/Psychiatric Patients Initial Assessment Exhibit 4.2 Mental Status Examination (Brief Version) Exhibit 4.3 Mental Status Examination for Older Children, Adolescents, and Adults Counseling Techniques The Clinical Record Closing the Session Final Suggestions Conclusion References Chapter 5: Clinical Writing and Documentation in Counseling Records Introduction Client Records and the Standard of Care Standard of Care: Clinical Management Documenting Complicated End-of-Life Issues Standard of Care: Legal Implications Standard of Care: HIPAA Compliance Case Notes Standard of Care: Risk Management Strategy Recommendations for Record Keeping General Recommendations for Writing Case Notes Objective Versus Subjective Information Keep Comments Concise Note Behavioral Changes Be Judicious and Supportive Keep It Brief SOAP Format Exhibit 5.1 DSM-5 and SOAP Client Case Note Format Subjective Objective Assessment Box 5.1 Clinical Impressions Relating to Case Notes and Diagnoses Plan Case Study 5.1 The Case of Pierre: SOAP Write-Up for Agitated, Court-Mandated Client Case Study 5.2 The Case of Latisha: SOAP Write-Up for Depressed Client Final Thoughts on SOAP Format Conclusion Recommended Resources References Chapter 6: Models of Supervision: Classroom and Site Supervision Introduction Practicum/Internship Class Exhibit 6.1 Sample Counseling Practicum/Internship Class Syllabus Exhibit 6.2 Client Permission to Record Counseling Session for Supervision Purposes Models of Supervision and Critique Written Feedback Exhibit 6.3 Student Counseling Session Rating Form Offering Feedback to Peers Supervisory Style Site Supervisor as Mentor Conclusion References Chapter 7: Multicultural Issues and Considerations Introduction Self-Awareness: The First Step Exhibit 7.1 Developing Cultural Competence: Personal Biases Worksheet Case Study 7.1 The Case of Stacy: Recognizing Personal Cultural Bias Multicultural Competencies Case Study 7.2 The Case of Steve: Cultural Assumptions Leading to Culturally Inappropriate Questions Developing Culturally Appropriate Skills Case Study 7.3 The Case of Harriet: Considering a Client’s Multiple Issues and Possible Resources Ethics and Multicultural Counseling Case Study 7.4 The Case of Paul: A Clash Between Religious Beliefs and Ethical Obligations Case Study 7.5 The Case of David and Hussein: Shades of Oppression Case Study 7.6 The Case of Ali: Recognizing Cultural Conflicts and Applying Cultural Competence Final Thoughts Conclusion Recommended Resources Websites Print References Chapter 8: Managing Stress During Your Practicum/Internship Introduction Developing and Maintaining a Healthy and Mindful Lifestyle Effects of Stress Tips for Managing Stress Assessing and Preventing Compassion Fatigue and Burnout A Healthy Assets Ledger Reflective Questions to Consider Exhibit 8.1 Professional Quality-of-Life Scale Regarding Major Successes and Failures in Your Life Exhibit 8.2 Dimensions of a Healthy Lifestyle: Self-Monitoring System Additional Considerations for Managing Stress The Importance of Meaning and Purpose in Life Conflict Management Skills Conflict Resolution Styles Box 8.1 Conflict Resolution Practice for the Counseling Practicum/Internship The Counseling Student as Client Final Suggestions for Self-Care Assessing Your Stress Self-Care: Your Owner’s Manual on Well-Being Exhibit 8.3 Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) Exhibit 8.4 A Sample Self-Care Plan for Counselors and Counselors in Training Conclusion Recommended Resources Resources for Managing Stress Resources for Conflict Resolution References Chapter 9: Crisis Intervention in Practicum/Internship Introduction What Defines a Crisis? The Duty to Warn Suicidal Clients Ethical and Legal Mandates Regarding Suicide Talking with a Suicidal Client How to Assess Suicidal Risk Essential Factors of Suicide Risk Assessment Exhibit 9.1 Adapted SAD PERSONS Scale (A-SAD) Additional Risk Factors Steps to Take When a Client Is Contemplating Suicide Case Study 9.1 The Case of Juan: Assessing Suicide Risk and Determining Immediate Steps Assessing Suicidal Risk in Schools Case Study 9.2 The Case of Jewel: Following a School Crisis Management Plan After-Crisis Counseling Assessing Danger to Others Assessing the Potential for Violence Managing Risky Clients and Situations Tips for Managing Emotions and Behavior When Addressing a Suicide or Potential Suicide A Few Additions to the Preceding Lists Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Child Abuse or Neglect Conclusion Recommended Resources for Suicide Prevention Suggested Reading and Viewing Organizations for the Prevention of Suicide Suicide Hotlines References Chapter 10: Ensuring Safety on Practicum and Internship Introduction Predictors of Client Violence Identifying Children or Adolescents at Risk for Violent Behavior Dealing with Aggressive Behaviors Defusing Violence Calming Angry Clients Self-Defense Training Workplace Violence Prevention Plan What to Do After an Assault Conclusion Recommended Resources Website Print References Chapter 11: Addressing Trauma in Counseling: Interventions for Victims, Survivors, and Practicum and Internship Students Introduction Trauma Defined Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Factors of Trauma Pre-Event Factors Event Factors Post-Event Factors Assessing Trauma Creating Safe Spaces Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale Exhibit 11.1 Trauma Beliefs Inventory Developing a Support System Exhibit 11.2 Creating Safe Spaces Exhibit 11.3 Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale Exhibit 11.4 Developing My Support System Acknowledging Positive Assets Journaling and Recovery Exhibit 11.5 Acknowledging My Assets Exhibit 11.6 Steps to Journaling About Your Trauma Managing Flashbacks Exhibit 11.7 Managing a Flashback Nightmares and Trauma Dreams The Dream Journal Exhibit 11.8 Flashback Interrupting Protocol Exhibit 11.9 Managing Nightmares, So They Don’t Manage You Self-Medicating Trauma Exhibit 11.10 The Dream Journal Exhibit 11.11 The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Healing Rituals for Trauma Treatment Daily Gratitudes Simple Breath Work/Meditation for Destressing Exhibit 11.12 the Empty Chair Exercise for Trauma Survivors Exhibit 11.13 a Letter to My Traumatized Self Exhibit 11.14 Monitoring and Revising My Self-Talk to Be More Optimistic Exhibit 11.15 Daily Gratitudes Yoga Conclusion Chapter Closing Recommended Resources References Chapter 12: Termination in Counseling: How to Say Goodbye Introduction When to Terminate a Counseling Relationship Discussing Termination with the Client The Termination Plan Client Resistance to Termination Counselor Resistance to Termination Case Study 12.1 The Case of Jordan and Yvonne: Reluctance to Terminate Due to Personal Feelings Box 12.1 Self-Reflections for Counselors Reluctant to Terminate with a Client Referrals and Follow-Up Abandonment Conclusion References Chapter 13: Completing the Practicum/Internship and Preparing for the Future as a Professional Counselor Introduction Terminating the Field Supervisor–Intern Relationship Exhibit 13.1 Sample Counseling Internship Evaluation Form Exhibit 13.2 Intern’s Self-Evaluation of the Counseling Practicum/Internship Performance Exhibit 13.3 Student Counselor’s Evaluation of On-Site Supervisor Box 13.1 Self-Reflection Exercise for the Conclusion of the Internship Preparing for the Job Search The Visioning Process: Creating Your Dream Career Box 13.2 Sample Action Plan The Career Center Professional Networking Sites Requesting References Exhibit 13.4 A Networking Questionnaire Developing a Résumé or Curriculum Vitae Writing a Cover Letter Exhibit 13.5 Sample Counseling Position Résumé Exhibit 13.6 Sample Counseling Position Cover Letter The Job Interview Inappropriate Questions Dealing with Rejection Transforming Your Disappointment Evaluating a Job Offer Box 13.3 Professional Self-Reflection If You Reject the Offer If You Accept the Offer Final Thoughts on Concluding Your Practicum/Internship and Beginning Your Career Conclusion Recommended Resources References Appendix A: List of Professional Counseling Organizations American Counseling Association Additional Professional Counseling Organizations Additional Professional Associations (Independent of the American Counseling Association) Professional Accrediting Organizations for the Counseling Profession Additional Website of Interest Appendix B: State Licensure Boards and Requirements Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media Information Appendix C: Documents for Practicum and Internship Purpose The University Program Agrees The Practicum/Internship Site Agrees Practicum/Internship Activities Field Supervision Evaluation of Practicum Student/Intern’s Performance Concerns Regarding the Student Intern the Field Site Supervisor The University Supervisor Index