Hannibal's Odyssey: The Environmental Background to the Alpine Invasion of Italia
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Hannibal's invasion of Italia in 218 BC is depicted from the standpoint of environmental evidence elicited from ancient texts, and analyzed against present-day Earth Science databases. The conclusion is that the Punic Army followed the southern route over the Alps; a proposal first made by Sir Gavin de Beer in the 1960's. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PROLOGUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1. Introduction 2. OVERVIEW OF THE PUNIC INVASION 3. ONSET OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR 4. CAMPAIGN STRATEGY 5. COL DU PERTHUS–THE FIRST TEST 6. VOLCAE–FIRST ROADBLOCK 7. THE “ISLAND”–NECESSARY ALLIANCE 8. COL DE GRÎMONE: SECOND TEST 9. TEST OF APPROACH ROUTES AND COL POSSIBILITIES 10. COMBE DE QUEYRAS 11. CHATEAU-QUEYRAS–UPPER GUIL RIVER 12. COL DE LA TRAVERSETTE–ULTIMATE TEST 13. UPPER PO RIVER 14. GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 15. MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS 16. CONCLUSIONS GLOSSARY MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE SECOND PUNIC WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH REFERENCES CITED INDEX
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