Complete digital photography

Description

Cover Contents Introduction 1 Eyes, Brains, Lights, and Images Understanding How You See How Your Eyes See Transmitting Color to the Brain Light and Dark Summing Up How to Learn Photography 2 Getting to Know Your Camera Using Auto Mode for Snapshot Shooting Camera Basics Point-and-Shoot or SLR Mirrorless Cameras Battery Battery, Media Card, Power Switch Shooting in Auto Mode Setting Your Camera to Auto Mode Framing Your Shot Focal Length How to Press the Shutter Button Managing Flash in Auto Mode Using Auto Mode in Low Light Adjusting the Focus of the Viewfinder Practice Shots Shutter Speed and Status Reading Shutter Speed When Shutter Speed Can’t Go Low Enough Playing Back Your Images Using Scene Modes Snapshot Tips Pay Attention to Headroom—Fill the Frame Don’t Be Afraid to Get in Close Lead Your Subject Remember: Your Knees Can Bend Watch the Background Watch Out for Backlighting atch Understand Flash Range Coverage 3 Camera Anatomy Holding and Controlling Your Camera Point-and-Shoots and SLRs Revisited A Very Fancy Box What an Image Sensor Does Point-and-Shoot Design SLR Design Camera Parts The Lens Basic Controls Mode Selection Status Display Shooting Controls Menu Activation and Navigation Flash System Playback Controls Configuring Your Camera Date and T Time Image Size and Compression File Format Image Processing Parameters Other Features Holding the Camera The Grip Feet, Elbows, and Neck More Practice with Auto Shoot with a Fixed Focal Length Camera Care and Maintenance Batteries and Power Lens Cleaning UV Filters Sensor Cleaning Water and Digital Cameras Cold Weather Hot Weather and Digital Cameras Media Cards Additional Storage Options Laptop Computers Tablets Portable Battery-Powered Hard Drives Netbook Computers Blank Discs, Cables, and PC Adapters 4 Image Transfer Building a Workstation and Transferring from Your Camera Choosing a Computer Storage Backup Backup Software Monitors Preparing Your Monitor A Little More Color Theory Profiling and Calibrating Your Monitor Software Two Approaches to Workflow Browsing and Cataloging Applications Photoshop Variations Workflow Applications Raw Converter Compatibility Other Software Importing Images Card Readers Transferring Images to a Windows 7 Computer Transferring Images to a Windows 8 Computer Using Adobe Photo Downloader Transferring Images to a Macintosh Computer Configuring Your Mac for Image our Transfer Transferring Images Manually Using Windows or a Mac Renaming and Organizing Moving On 5 Image Sensors How a Silicon Chip Captures an Image How an Image Sensor Works Counting Photons A Little Color Theory Interpolating Color Turning Data into an Image Colorimetric Adjustment Color Space Conversion Gamma Correction White Balance and Image Processing Sharpening and Noise Reduction JPEG Compression and Saving How JPEG Compression Works Meanwhile…Back in the Real World 6 Exposure Basics The Fundamental Theory of Exposure Stops Over- and Underexposure Defined - Exposure Control Mechanisms Shutter Speed Aperture Less Is More Why There Are Two Ways to Control Light How Shutter Speed Choice Affects Your Image Depth of Field—How Aperture Choice Affects Your Image Shutter Speed/Aperture Balance Reciprocity ISO—the Third Exposure Parameter Reciprocal ISOs ISO and Noise Fractional Stops Summing Up Returning to Auto Mode 7 Program Mode Mode Taking Control of Exposure, Focus, and More Switching to Program Mode Focusing Revisited How Autofocus Works Autofocus Modes Evaluating Focus The Golden Rule of Focus White Balance Auto and Preset White Balance Manual White Balance Assessing White Balance White Balance Shift White Balance Bracketing Avoid White Balance Concerns Altogether void White Balance Aids Cell Phone Cameras and White Balance Drive Mode Shooting in Drive Mode Self- Timer Remote Controls Manual Override with Program Shift (Flexible Program) Calculating a Safe Shutter Speed for Handheld Shooting Stabilization and Shutter Speed Do You Really Need to Calculate Handheld Shutter Speed? Changing ISO Fractional ISO Numbers Putting It All Together 8 Advanced Exposure Learning More About Y Your Light Meter and our Exposure Controls The Light Meter Revisited Locking Exposure What Your Light Meter Meters The Risks of Over- and Underexposure Adjusting Exposure Exposure Compensation Exposure Compensation and Program Shift Controlling Exposure with Your Light Meter Priority Modes Manual Mode Which Method Should You Use? In-Camera Histograms Histograms Defined Assessing Contrast The Three-Channel Histogram Bracketing Auto Bracketing Scene Modes Revisited Image Processing Parameters Revisited Exposure Strategy Enough with the Button Pushing 9 Finding and Composing a Photo Learning the Art of Photography Looking Versus Seeing Seeing Exercises Warming Up arming Make an Assignment Look at Other Photos Sketch and Draw Pay Attention and Do What Works for You Finding a Subject Photography as Abstraction Know Your Audience Building a Shot Choosing a Camera Position and Focal Length Shooting Shallow Depth of Field Composition Four Things All Good Compositions Have Other Compositional Ideas How a Good Composition Is Made Four Practices for Better Shooting Seeing in the Camera, Not Through the Camera Work the Subject Find a Narrative Don’t Be Afraid Equipment Doesn’t Matter (Usually) Combining Art and Craft 10 Lighting The Process of Controlling Light Controlling Available Light Broad and Narrow Lighting Flash Photography Flash Modes Flash White Balance Using Flash in Low Light High ISO Low-Light Shooting Slow Sync Flash Mode Using Fill Flash in Bright Light External Flash What to Look for in an External Flash Shooting with External Flash Getting Your Flash off the Camera our Slow Sync Flash Further Lighting Study 11 Raw Shooting Gaining More Editing Power Through Raw Format What Raw Is Why Use Raw? Editable White Balance Highlight Recovery More Editing Latitude Digital “Negative” Batch Processing Nondestructive Editing The Downsides of Raw Raw Files Use More Storage Other People May Not Be Able to Read Your Files Your Software of Choice May Not Support Your Camera Workflow Can Be a Bit More Complicated Configuring Your Camera to Shoot Raw 12 Special Shooting Camera Features and Techniques for Specific Situations Black and White You Say Red, I Say Gray ou Seeing in Color Color, Shooting in Black and White Black-and-White Exposure Infrared Photography Stable Shooting Landscape Photography Keep an Eye Out for Flare Exposing for Extreme Depth of Field Depth of Field and Subject Size Tilt-and-Shift Lenses and Depth of Field Shooting Panoramas Preparing Your Camera for Panoramic Shooting Proper Panoramic Panning Panoramic Exposure Shoot with Care Collaging Macro Photography What’s Different About a Macro Lens Macro Focusing Macro Depth of Field Improving Macro Depth of Field Finding the Optimal Macro Focal Length on a Point-and-Shoot Camera Lens Reversal High-Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging Shooting HDR Shooting Concerts and Performances Setup Exposure Strategy Performance Composition Shooting Events Exposure Strategy Shooting Sports Exposure Strategy Street Shooting Offering Something in Return Using Street Shots Exposure Strategy Shooting at Night Low Light Focus Real-W World Low Light Shooting Underwater Photography Vacation Shooting Product Shots Using Filters Types of Filters ypes Lens Extensions for Point-and-Shoot Cameras Exploring on Your Own 13 Workflow Managing Your Images and Starting Postproduction Postproduction Workflow Getting Started with Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Understanding Lightroom and Its Catalog Importing Image Folders What Happens When You Import into Lightroom? Selecting Your Pick Images Sorting Images IPTC Metadata Keywording Pushbutton Keywording in Lightroom Editing Keywords in Lightroom Why Keywords and Metadata Matter Image Forensics Geotagging Automatic Geotagging Why Geotag Your Images? Additional Workflow Steps Correcting and Editing Output Archiving and Backup Cataloging Mobile Workflow Taking Your Images on the Road Integrating Cell Phone Pictures into Your Workflow No Right or Wrong Approach to Workflow 14 Editing Workflows and First Steps Understanding the Order of Edits and Making Your First Adjustments Editing Order Histograms Revisited Preparing Lightroom The Lightroom Develop Module Cropping Nondestructive Editing Saving Your Image Straightening Correcting Geometric Distortion Correcting Perspective Correcting Chromatic Aberrations Dust and Spot Removal Red Eye Undo and History 15 Correcting Tone Ensuring That White, Black, and Overall Contrast Are Correct Correcting Tone Basic Edits Auto Adjustment Curves Learning to See Black as Black Next Steps 16 Correcting Color Repairing, Improving, and Changing Color Color Channels White Balance Adjusting White Balance in a Raw File More About White Balance Manual White Balance Correcting White Balance When There’s No Gray to Sample White Balance and Posterizing When “Correct” White Balance Isn’t the Best Choice Saturation and Vibrance Vibrance Hue/Saturation Copying Your Edits from One Image to Another The Story So Far 17 Selective Editing and Masks Masks Making Edits to Specific Parts of an Image Selective Editing in Lightroom Masking in Photoshop Launching an Image from Lightroom to Photoshop External Editor Options Selections and Masks Basic Masking with the Quick Selection T Tool Working with Virtual Copies Masking Complex Edges Saving Masks Some Layer Basics Creating, Deleting, and Moving Layers 18 Photoshop Adjustment Layers Advanced Tools for Adjustments and Corrections Levels Adjustment Layers Other Adjustment Layer T Types Where Should You Edit? Lightroom or Photoshop? 19 Black-and-White Conversion Turning Your Color Images into Black-and-White Images Lightroom B&W Controls Black-and-White Adjustment Layers Sepia Toning Split Toning Black-and-White Plug-ins Refining a Grayscale Image Getting a Silver Look Low-Contrast Images 20 Layers, Retouching, and Special Effects Additional Editing Tools and Concepts for Improving Your Images Layers Opacity and Transfer Modes To Flatten or Not to Flatten Brushes and Stamps Brushes Rubber Stamp or Clone Patch and Heal Applied Editing Techniques Cleaning Portraits Noise Vignetting Correcting Wide Angle Distortion Where to Go from Here 21 Panoramic Stitching and HDR Merging How to Process These Multi-Shot Effects Stitching Panoramas Stitching Workflow Launching a Stitch from Within Lightroom Launching a Stitch from Within Bridge Launching a Stitch from Within Photoshop Other Photomerge Options Correcting Stitched Panoramas Cropping and Filling Retouching Stitching Raw Images Speeding Up Stitching Stitching Vertical Panoramas Merging High-Dynamic Range (HDR) Images What HDR Merging Does Launching HDR Merge from Lightroom Launching HDR Merge from Bridge Launching HDR Merge from Photoshop Configuring Merge to HDR Pro Aesthetic Considerations HDR Panoramas 22 Output Taking Your Images to Print or Electronic Output Resizing Resolution How to Resize When Should Y You Resample? Sharpening How Sharpening Works Not All Sharpness Is Created Equal Selective Sharpening Web and Email Output Outputting Electronic Files Choosing a Printer Ink-Jet Printers Media Selection Ink Choice Printing Choosing a Resolution Color Management Improving Your Print Web-Based Printing eb- Conclusion Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z