Under the Mediterranean: Marine Antiquities

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Introduction, page xi Acknowledgements, page xv Map, page xvi PART I: INITIATION CEREMONIES Chapter 1, p. 3 Well Baptism – Psychological Effects of Diving – Mediterranean Beginnings – Diving Craft Chapter 2, p. 19 The First Wreck – ‘Suckers’ – Underwater Propulsors PART II: ANCHORS AND ANCHORAGES Chapter 3, p. 29 Road to Damascus – Anchorages – Information from Fishermen –- Lebanese Divers – Stone Anchors – Byblos – Adonis’ Cave Chapter 4, p. 42 Temple of the Obelisks – Tabarja Anchor – Stone Anchors: Votive, Maltese, Minoan, Round, Trireme and Byzantine–Arab – Documentary Clues – Lead-stocked Anchors, their Function and Variety – Iron Anchors PART III: PORTS Chapter 5, p. 65 The Existence of Early Harbours – Structural Classification – Silt and Silting – Changing Sea Levels – Buried Cities – Tyre in History – Geological Positions – As Seen Today – Poidebard’s Aims in Excavating – His Methods – Findings – Outstanding Questions – The General Picture Chapter 6, p. 88 The Layout of Sidon – Island Anchorage – The Closed Ports – The Hidden Mole – Fortifications – The Sluices – Structural Comparisons – Natural Rock-pools – Tabarja Interlude – The Port of Byblos Chapter 7, p. 99 Asine – Mochlos – Mallia – A Rock-cut Tank at Nirou Khani – Komo and Matala – Greek and Roman Harbour Construction PART IV: WRECKS Chapter 8, p. 117 Wreckless Lebanon – Variations on a Submarine Landscape – A Conversation: Halicarnassos, Seals and a Magic Spring – What Are Ancient Wrecks? – Their Formation not Continuous in Time – Wreck-formation and Geology – Their Appearance – Antique Cargoes: Mahdia, Anticythera, Artemesion – Modern Wrecks – On Travel – Beirut to Ankara – Afyon Chapter 9, p. 137 Izmir: Demeter and Divers – The Meander Valley – Bodrum – The Castle – The Ancient Harbour – Project for a Maritime Museum Chapter 10, p. 158 Karabagla Log – The Sites – A Geological Time Scale – Land Records – Deep-water Recording: its Limitations and Function Chapter 11, p. 177 Nature of Wreck Formations – Dumas’s Excavation Method – Solutions to Recording Problems: the Grid, an Alternative Convention – Photography and Deep Water Recording PART V: SPONGE DIVERS AND ANOTHER ANCIENT TRADE Chapter 12, p. 197 Petra Divers – Wreck Prospection – The Sponge Trade – Fishing with a Sponge Boat Chapter 13, p. 211 A Forfeit and Ruins – Consignment for a Byzantine Architect – More Building Materials Lost – Back to the Gallo-Romans PART VI: ROMAN WOOD UNDER THE SEA-BED Chapter 14, p. 225 ‘Round’ Ships – Their Joinery – Roman Hulls Found on Land – Pioneer Work at the Congloué Chapter 15, p. 240 The Cargo of Sestius’ Ship – First Visit to the Congloué; A Piece of Keel – Two Parallel Groups of Planking – A Third Group with Ribs, Rider and Double Planking – Clues to Lie and Construction – The Need for Expert Evaluation Chapter 16, p. 254 Land Archaeology and Marine Problems – The Interpretation of Existing Reports – Awareness of the Limitations of Underwater Work and Divers’ Craftsmanship Appendix, p. 261 Glossary of Turkish words, p. 269 Bibliography, p. 270 Index, p. 274