Etiology: Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis

Description

Six years ago when the first edition of this volume appeared as the first of the series, questions were posed in its preface that are as valid today as they were then. In that preface, I proposed the following challenges: (1) We must identify carcinogenic agents, and by an analysis of their "nature," e. g. , structure and physical characteristics, we may better understand their mechanism of action. (2) We must identify crucial interactions between these carcinogens and impor­ tant macromolecules within the cell, distinguishing those which relate to carcinogenesis from those which are extraneous. (3) We must examine the alterations of cell function induced by these reactions, for it is with an understanding of phenotypic variation that we may know why malignant cells escape from normal homeostatic control. (4) Last, and perhaps of greatest importance, we must define malignancy--define those charac­ teristics of cellular activity that permit the malignant cell to compete so effectively with the normal constituent, which ultimately Ieads to such destructive events. Although great strides have been made toward those goals, as evidenced by a number of new chapters and the new information gathered into others, and although the achievement of those goals sometimes appears but a tantalizing experiment away, none have been achieved. For example, several chapters indude descriptions of the progress that has been made toward the development of "quick assays. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Cytogenetics (Peter C. Nowell)....Pages 3-46 Genetics: Animal Tumors (W. E. Heston)....Pages 47-71 Genetic Influences in Human Tumors (Alfred G. Knudson Jr.)....Pages 73-88 Hormones as Etiological Agents in Neoplasia (Jacob Furth)....Pages 89-134 Pathogenesis of Plasmacytomas in Mice (Michael Potter)....Pages 135-159 Immunocompetence and Malignancy (Cornelis J. M. Melief, Robert S. Schwartz)....Pages 161-199 Epidemiologic Approach to Cancer (Vincent F. Guinee)....Pages 201-225 Front Matter ....Pages 227-227 Chemical Agents, the Environment, and the History of Carcinogenesis (Frederick F. Becker)....Pages 229-240 Metabolism of Chemical Carcinogens (J. H. Weisburger, G. M. Williams)....Pages 241-333 Chemical Carcinogenesis: Interactions of Carcinogens with Nucleic Acids (S. Rajalakshmi, Prema M. Rao, D. S. R. Sarma)....Pages 335-409 Some Effects of Carcinogens on Cell Organelles (Donald J. Svoboda, Janardan K. Reddy)....Pages 411-449 Sequential Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis: Skin (Isaac Berenblum)....Pages 451-484 Sequential Events in Chemical Carcinogenesis (Emmanuel Farber)....Pages 485-506 Neoantigen Expression in Chemical Carcinogenesis (Robert W. Baldwin, Michael R. Price)....Pages 507-548 Front Matter ....Pages 549-549 Physical Carcinogenesis: Radiation—History and Sources (Arthur C. Upton)....Pages 551-567 Biophysical Aspects of Radiation Carcinogenesis (Albrecht M. Kellerer, Harald H. Rossi)....Pages 569-616 Ultraviolet Radiation: Interaction with Biological Molecules (Frederick Urbach)....Pages 617-628 Radiation Carcinogenesis (John B. Storer)....Pages 629-659 Cancer Associated with Asbestosis, Schistosomiasis, Foreign Bodies, and Scars (K. Gerhard Brand)....Pages 661-692 Back Matter ....Pages 693-714