ASEAN Space Programs: History and Way Forward

Description

This book presents the first-ever comprehensive analysis of ASEAN space development programs. Written by prominent actors in the region, it goes beyond a mere exposé of the history, current status and future plans of ASEAN space technology development and utilization programs, by analyzing the conditions in which a space program can be initiated in the region. It does so in two ways: on the one hand, it questions the relevance of and motivations behind the inception of space development programs in developing countries, and on the other hand, it focuses on the very specific context of ASEAN (a highly disaster-prone area shaped by unique political alliances with a distinctive geopolitical ecosystem and enormous economic potential, etc.). Last but not least, after having analyzed established and emerging space programs in the region, it provides concrete recommendations for any regional or extra-regional developing nation eager to gain a foothold in space. As such, this book offers a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the field of space technology, as well as for space agencies and government policymakers. Foreword Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction: Why Space Matters in ASEAN 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Overview of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1.2.1 Brief Institutional History 1.2.2 Current Organisational Structure of the ASEAN 1.2.3 Approach to Regional Cooperation Beyond ASEAN 1.3 The Intersection of Three Unique Features 1.3.1 A Unique Political, Social and Geographical Context 1.3.2 A Unique Situation Regarding Space Development 1.3.3 A Unique Regional Political Alliance with Common Goals 1.4 Outline of the Book References 2 Indonesian Space Policy, Regulations and Programs: Past Achievements and Future Prospects 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Characteristics of Indonesia 2.1.2 Indonesian Dependency on Space Science and Technology and Its Applications 2.1.3 The Need for a Comprehensive Picture of the Indonesian Space Policy, Regulations and Programs Both Past, Present and Future 2.2 Indonesian Initial Space Programs and Achievements 2.2.1 International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958 [2] 2.2.2 Initial Space Programs 2.2.3 Basic Space Policy 2.2.4 The Establishment of the Indonesian Aeronautics and Space Council (DEPANRI) and the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) 2.3 Further Developments Relevant to Outer Space Activities 2.3.1 1963–1978 2.3.2 1979–1989 2.3.3 1990–2000 2.3.4 2001–2011 2.4 Law No. 21 of 2013 on Space Activities and Its Implementation 2.4.1 The Long Process of Formulating Law No. 21 of 2013 2.4.2 The Characteristics and the Main Provisions 2.4.3 Challenges for Its Implementations 2.5 Master Plan for Space Activities 2016–2040 2.5.1 Legal Mandate 2.5.2 Main Provisions 2.5.3 Annex to the Presidential Regulation No. 45 of 2017 Concerning the Master Plan for Space Activities 2.5.4 Space Policy Coordination and Forum 2.6 International Cooperation Policy 2.7 The Way Forward References 3 Space Sector Development in Malaysia 3.1 Historical Background and Timeline 3.2 Behind the Space Agenda 3.3 National Space Policy 3.4 Malaysia Space Sectors: Today and Tomorrow 3.5 Conclusion References 4 The Philippine Space Program: A Modern Take on Establishing a National Space Program 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Setting the Scene: Philippine Space Development Prior to 2013 4.2.1 A Patchwork of Fragmented Activities 4.2.2 Winds of Change: The Turning Points in Retrospect 4.3 The Groundwork for a National Space Program 4.3.1 Philippine Space Act of 2012 and the 10-Year Baseline Research Study 4.3.2 Crafting the Philippines Space Development and Utilization Policy 4.3.3 The National Space Development Program 4.4 The Philippine Microsatellite Program 4.5 Signed into Law: The Philippine Space Agency and the Philippine Space Development and Utilization Policy 4.5.1 Republic Act 11363: The Philippine Space Act 4.5.2 Philippine Space Agency 4.5.3 Framework of the Philippine Space Development and Utilization Policy 4.6 Important Learnings from the Philippine Experience 4.7 Future Directions and Conclusion References 5 Singapore, a Sustained Ambition Towards a Commercial Space Sector 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Historical Satellite Milestones 5.2.1 First Step into Space: ST-1 5.2.2 First Made-in-Singapore: X-SAT 5.2.3 First Commercial Offering: TeLEOS-1 5.2.4 A Glance to the Future: Targets for Industry and Research 5.3 International Partnerships and Engagement 5.3.1 Technology Partnerships 5.3.2 Launch Partnerships 5.3.3 International Fora 5.4 Space Institutions: Academia, Government and Non-profits 5.4.1 Academia: Nanyang Technological University (NTU) 5.4.2 Academia: National University of Singapore (NUS) 5.4.3 Government: Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) 5.4.4 Non-profit: Singapore Space and Technology Limited (SSTL), Successor of SSTA 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Vietnam: An Ambitious Satellite Development Program 6.1 Introduction 6.2 A Comprehensive Factual History of Vietnam’s Domestic Space Program 6.2.1 Early Space Development: Focus on Applications (1980–2006) 6.2.2 Acceleration of Vietnamese Space Development: Developing Satellite Technology and Applications (2006–Present) 6.3 Current Status on Satellite Applications in Vietnam 6.3.1 Meteorology/Hydrology 6.3.2 Communications 6.3.3 Remote Sensing 6.3.4 Positioning, Navigation and Timing 6.3.5 Future Vision for National Remote Sensing Capabilities 6.4 Focus on International Cooperation/Collaboration 6.5 The National Strategy of Space Science and Technology Development and Application to 2030 6.5.1 Viewpoints 6.5.2 Objectives 6.5.3 Tasks and Solutions 6.5.4 Considerations on Implementation 7 Comparison of Established ASEAN Space Programs and Lessons Learned 7.1 Introduction 8 Other ASEAN Countries: Space Achievements So Far 8.1 Space Achievements of Other ASEAN Countries 8.1.1 Brunei 8.1.2 Cambodia 8.1.3 Laos 8.1.4 Myanmar 8.2 Cross-Cutting Issues and Lessons Learned 8.2.1 The Role of China 8.2.2 Importance of Regional Capacity Building 8.2.3 Limited Government Leadership for Space Development 8.2.4 Space Development Program: Where to Start? 8.2.5 Connecting Space Programs with the Local Population in Low-Income Countries References 9 Concrete Recommendations for Space Development in Non-spacefaring Countries 9.1 Introduction: Challenges of Early Space Development Efforts 9.1.1 Progressive Building of Knowledge and Capabilities 9.1.2 Tacit Knowledge in Space Development 9.2 Recommended Strategy for Cultivating Engineers: The Mini Space Ladder 9.2.1 Develop Engineers’ Strong Motivation by Communicating the Unknown of Space and Future Prospects 9.2.2 CanSat Activities to Start Space Technology Development 9.2.3 Challenge Practical, Useful Space Missions with Low Complexity and in Collaboration with Other Countries 9.3 Conclusions References 10 Connecting Space with Citizens of ASEAN: A Social and Policy Ecosystem for Sustainable Space Development 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Importance of Cultivating Links with the Public 10.2.1 Motivation 1. To Grow the Economy Beyond Space, via a Base of Space-Ready Human Resources (SDGs 4, 8, 12) 10.2.2 Motivation 2. To Reduce the Volatility of Space Activities, via a Base of Public Support (SDG 16) 10.2.3 Motivation 3. To Strengthen the Regional Space “Brand”, by Promoting Respect for Local Cultures (SDGs 8, 11, 16) 10.2.4 Motivation 4. To Democratise Access to Space Development via Popular Culture (SDGs 5, 10) 10.2.5 Motivation 5. To Promote Constructive Communication on Space Development (SDGs 9, 16) 10.3 Constructing a Public-Centric Ecosystem for Sustainable Space Utilisation in ASEAN 10.3.1 Method 1. Infrastructure for Knowledge-Building and Sharing: Promoting Gender Diversity (SDGs 4, 5) 10.3.2 Method 2. Platforms to Share Technological, Financial and Health Benefits: Cooperation via Existing Frameworks (SDGs 3, 8, 9, 11, 15) 10.3.3 Method 3. Building an Inspiring and Lucrative Space Popular Culture: Local Roots and Industry Linkage (SDGs 4, 5, 8, 9) 10.3.4 Method 4. A Two-Way Conversation: Listening to and Informing the Public via Local Media (SDG 16) 10.4 Conclusion References 11 The Role of the United Nations for Space Applications Development and Utilization in ASEAN 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Regional Cooperation in Space Applications 11.3 Knowledge Products and Research on Geospatial Applications 11.4 United Nations Platforms for Regional Cooperation and Global Agendas References