Polish Consonant Clusters in the British Mouth: A Study in Online Loanword Adaptation

Description

Cover Contents Introduction 1 Introduction to linguistic borrowing and phonological loanword adaptation 1 Introduction 2 Definition and classification of borrowings 3 Controversial issues in phonological loanword adaptation 3.1 The nature of the input representation 3.2 The channel of borrowing and the influence of spelling 3.3 The degree of community bilingualism 3.4 Problematic patterns in phonological loanword adaptation 3.4.1 The too-many-solutions problem 3.4.2 Divergent repair 3.4.3 Unnecessary repair 3.4.4 Differential importation 3.4.5 Retreat to the unmarked 4 History of borrowings into English 4.1 Old English (450–1100) 4.2 Middle English (1100–1500) 4.3 Early Modern English (1500–1800) 4.4 Present-Day English (since 1800) 4.5 Polish loanwords in English 5 Conclusions 2 Major theoretical approaches to phonological loanword adaptation 1 Introduction 2 The phonological approximation view 2.1 Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies Loanword Model 2.2 Itô and Mester’s (1995, 1999, 2001) Optimality Theory account of lexical stratification in Japanese 3 The phonetic approximation view 3.1 The psycholinguistic three-level model of speech processing 3.2 The bidirectional three-level model for L1 processing and loanword adaptation 4 The phonetic-phonological approximation view 4.1 Silverman’s (1992) two-tier model of loanword adaptation 4.2 Perceptual similarity approach 5 Conclusions 3 Consonant clusters in English and Polish. A sonority-based and optimality theoretic perspective 1 Introduction 2 CC and CCC consonant clusters in English 3 CC and CCC consonant clusters in Polish 4 The concept of sonority and cross-linguistic sonority-based generalisations 4.1 Phonetic correlates of sonority 4.2 Sonority scales 4.3 Sonority Sequencing Principle 4.4 Minimum Sonority Distance 4.5 Syllable Contact Law 4.6 Sonority Dispersion Principle 5 Sonority-based comparison of English and Polish CC and CCC consonant clusters 6 Other approaches to sonority 6.1 Sonority in Government Phonology 6.2 Sonority in Onset Prominence Phonology 6.3 Sonority in Beats-and-Binding Phonology 7 Sonority and syllable structure in Optimality Theory 7.1 Basic assumptions of Optimality Theory 7.2 Syllable structure in Optimality Theory 8 Previous research on online adaptation 9 Conclusions 4 Adaptation of Polish CC consonant clusters by native speakers of English 1 Introduction 2 Experimental design 2.1 Materials 2.2 Participants 2.3 Procedure and data categorisation 3 Results 3.1 General overview of repair strategies 3.2 Targetlike reproduction 3.3 Vowel epenthesis 3.4 Segment change 3.4.1 Affricates 3.4.2 Other changes 3.5 Consonant deletion 4 Analysis and discussion 4.1 Experimental results vs. predictions of different loan adaptation approaches 4.2 Targetlike reproduction 4.3 Vowel epenthesis 4.3.1 Initial clusters 4.3.2 Final clusters 4.4 Segment change 4.4.1 Affricates 4.4.2 Other changes 4.5 Consonant deletion 5 Conclusions 5 Adaptation of Polish CCC consonant clusters. Established versus online loans 1 Introduction 2 Results 2.1 General overview of repair strategies 2.2 Targetlike reproduction 2.3 Vowel epenthesis 2.4 Other modifications 3 Analysis and discussion 3.1 Targetlike reproduction 3.2 Vowel epenthesis 3.3 Other modifications 4 Adaptation of consonant clusters in established vs. online loans 5 Theoretical implications and conclusions Conclusion Appendix 1 CC clusters – experimental stimuli Appendix 2 CC clusters – participants Appendix 3 CC clusters – repair strategies Appendix 4 CCC clusters – experimental stimuli Appendix 5 CCC clusters – participants Appendix 6 CCC clusters – repair strategies List of figures List of tables List of tableaux References