Sustainable Land Management in a European Context: A Co-Design Approach

Description

This open access book present and discuss current issues and innovative solution approaches for land management in a European context. Manifold sustainability issues are closely interconnected with land use practices. Throughout the world, we face increasing conflict over the use of land as well as competition for land. Drawing on experience in sustainable land management gained from seven years of the FONA programme (Research for Sustainable Development, conducted under the auspices of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), The book stresses and highlights co-design processes within the “co-creation of knowledge”, involving collaboration in transdisciplinary research processes between academia and other stakeholders. The book begins with an overview of the current state of land use practices and the subsequent need to manage land resources more sustainably. New system solutions and governance approaches in sustainable land management are presented from a European perspective on land use. The volume also addresses how to use new modes of knowledge transfer between science and practice. New perspectives in sustainable land management and methods of combining knowledge and action are presented to a broad readership in land system sciences and environmental sciences, social sciences and geosciences. Foreword Contents 1 A Knowledge-Based European Perspective on Sustainable Land Management: Conceptual Approach and Overview of Chapters 1.1 New Conceptual Approaches for New Challenges 1.2 Overview of the Main Parts and the Single Chapters References Part ILand-Use: State and Drivers in Europe 2 Landscape Change in Europe 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Landscape Change Research in Europe 2.3 Trends in Land Use and Land Cover Change 2.4 Drivers of Landscape Change 2.4.1 Political and Institutional Drivers 2.4.2 Economic, Technological and Cultural Drivers of Change 2.4.3 Spatial and Natural Factors 2.5 Operationalising Current Trends and Drivers of Change Towards Developing Future Scenarios of Landscape Change 2.6 Research Gaps and Ways Forward Towards Landscape Sustainability 2.7 Conclusions References 3 New Trends and Drivers for Agricultural Land Use in Germany 3.1 Introduction 3.2 General Land Use Trends 3.3 Ongoing and New Conflicts in Agriculture Land Use 3.3.1 Rising Land Prices 3.3.2 Deteriorating Environmental Indicators 3.3.3 Land Use Structure and Concentration 3.4 New Drivers 3.4.1 Market Forces 3.4.2 Policy Framework 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Demographic Change and Land Use 4.1 Does Demographic Change Cause Changes in Land Use? 4.2 Methodological Approach 4.3 Current State of Knowledge Regarding Correlations Between Demographic Change and Land-Use Change 4.3.1 Impacts of Demographic Change on Agriculture, Forestry, and Nature Conservation 4.3.2 Impacts of Demographic Change on Transportation, Tourism, and Settlement Expansion 4.3.3 Impacts of Demographic Change in Multicausal Models 4.3.4 Recommendations on Guiding Land-Use Impacts 4.3.5 General Effects of Demographic Change in the Activity Sectors 4.4 Conclusions and the Need for Further Research References 5 Urbanisation and Land Use Change 5.1 What is Urban Land Use Change and Why It is a Relevant Issue? 5.2 Drivers of Urbanisation and Urban Land Use Change 5.3 Impacts of Urban Land Use Change 5.4 Policies on Urban Land Use Change 5.5 Outlook References 6 Urban-Rural Interrelations—A Challenge for Sustainable Land Management 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Societal Discourses About Urban-Rural Spaces and Interlinkages 6.3 Simple Models Versus Complex Models: Two Opposite Approaches 6.3.1 Stead’s Model of Urban-Rural Flows 6.3.2 Complex Models of Teleconnection and Telecoupling 6.3.3 Preliminary Summary and Discussion 6.4 Discussion About Potential Improvements 6.4.1 The Ecosystem Service Concept and Urban-Rural Relations 6.4.2 Multi-Functionality 6.5 Governance of Interrelations: Knowledge for Governance 6.6 Outlook References Part IICo-Production of Knowledge 7 Transdisciplinary Research in Land Use Science—Developments, Criticism and Empirical Findings from Research Practice 7.1 Land Use Science—From Land Cover to Global Change Research 7.2 The Development of the Concept of TDR 7.3 The Impact of TDR, Criticism and Open Questions 7.4 The Role of Transdisciplinary Research in the Field of Land Use Science—Results from a Comparative Case Study in Germany 7.4.1 Sustainable Land Management Can Be Seen as a Designated Field for TDR 7.4.2 TDR Plays an Increasing Role, and the Concept Is Being Consolidated 7.4.3 Attitudes Toward the TDR Approach Are Appreciative 7.4.4 Understanding of TDR Remained Vague 7.4.5 The Application of TDR Is Often Shortened 7.4.6 Multidisciplinarity Prevailed 7.4.7 Involvement of Practitioners Aims at Acceptance and Implementation 7.4.8 Challenges and Barriers to Applying TDR Are Often Underestimated, but Need Professionalisation 7.4.9 Scholarliness Runs the Risk of Falling Behind 7.4.10 The Science-Practice Benefits Equilibrium Is Off-Balance 7.5 Conclusion and Outlook References 8 Innovations for Sustainable Land Management—A Comparative Case Study 8.1 Sustainable Land Management—A Normative Orientation for Transformation 8.2 The “Sustainable Land Management” Innovation System 8.3 Analysis of Innovations in Sustainable Land Management 8.4 Case Study: The German Funding Programme “Innovation Groups for Sustainable Land Management” 8.4.1 Problem Definition of Projects and Societal Pressure for Action 8.4.2 Solution Strategies and Types of Innovation 8.4.3 Steering Innovation Processes 8.4.4 Leverage Points in the Governance System of Land (Use) 8.5 Discussion and Conclusion: Three Theses on the Specifics of SLM Innovations References 9 Knowledge Exchange at Science-Policy Interfaces in the Fields of Spatial Planning, Land Use and Soil Management: A Swiss Case Study 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Conceptualising “Knowledge Transfer” and “Knowledge Exchange” 9.3 Methods 9.4 A Typology of Knowledge Exchange in Spatial Planning, Land Use and Soil Management in Switzerland 9.4.1 Type 1: Knowledge Transfer 9.4.2 Type 2: Knowledge Transfer Support 9.4.3 Type 3: Knowledge Exchange 9.4.4 Type 4: Knowledge Exchange Support 9.4.5 Type 5: Participatory Knowledge Development and Use 9.4.6 Type 6: Formal and Informal Knowledge Exchange 9.5 Barriers to and Opportunities for Knowledge Exchange in Spatial Planning, Land Use and Soil Management in Switzerland 9.5.1 Barriers to Knowledge Exchange 9.5.2 Opportunities for Knowledge Exchange 9.6 Discussion 9.6.1 Types of Knowledge Exchange 9.6.2 Barriers to and Opportunities for Knowledge Exchange 9.7 Conclusions References 10 Serious Games in Sustainable Land Management 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Post-Fossil Energy in the Twenty-First Century? 10.3 How High Energy Prices Affect Communities 10.4 Rising Energy Prices and Land Use—A New Research Focus 10.5 Serious Games—A Different Approach to Sustainable Land Management 10.6 The Serious Game Developed by €LAN—Methodological Outline 10.7 Investigating Energy-Price Effects in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region—How to Integrate Regional Decision-Makers 10.8 How to Play the €LAN Serious Game 10.9 The Resulting Policy Agenda 10.10 Future Options for Using New Modes of Integration References 11 Real-World Laboratories Initiated by Practitioner Stakeholders for Sustainable Land Management—Characteristics and Challenges Using the Example of Energieavantgarde Anhalt 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Real-World Laboratories Initiated by the Practitioner Stakeholder Energieavantgarde Anhalt e.V. 11.3 A Comparison of Core Characteristics 11.3.1 Regarding Research Orientation 11.3.2 Regarding Normativity 11.3.3 Regarding Transformativity 11.3.4 Regarding Civil Society Orientation, Participation 11.3.5 Regarding the Long-Term Nature and Laboratory Character 11.3.6 Regarding Continuous Processes of Reflection and Learning 11.4 A Summary Critical Appraisal and Outlook References 12 Knowledge Management for Sustainability: The Spatial Dimension of Higher Education as an Opportunity for Land Management 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Generating and Disseminating Knowledge for Sustainable Land Use 12.1.2 New Ways of Knowledge Generation, Dissemination and Management: Higher Education Research with a Focus on E-Learning, Organisational Development and Digitalisation 12.2 Digitalisation of Higher Education 12.2.1 Classification into Megatrends of the Twenty-First Century 12.2.2 Digital Media and the Resulting Changes in Higher Education Teaching and Learning 12.3 Spatial Dimensions: Informal Spaces and New Learning Worlds in Adult and Continuing Education 12.3.1 Governmental Argumentation in Favour of Digital Continuous Education 12.3.2 Changes in Organisational Learning and Communication Behaviour 12.3.3 Economic Versus Educational Perspectives: A Sample Case 12.4 Interactions of Space and Education in the Context of Digitalisation 12.4.1 The Spatial Dimension 12.4.2 Relevant Knowledge Economics and Educational Geographic Assumptions 12.4.3 Exemplary Developments in the Context of Research on Knowledge Networks in Land Use in Germany 12.5 Discussion and Summary Remarks 12.5.1 A Solution? Multifaceted, Networked Digital Knowledge Construction as an Opportunity for Equal Spatial Development 12.5.2 Three Assumptions 12.5.3 Methodological Critique and Future Research Needs References 13 Transcending the Loading Dock Paradigm—Rethinking Science-Practice Transfer and Implementation in Sustainable Land Management 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Science, Society and the Drive Towards Transformation 13.3 From the “Loading Dock” to Reflexive Discourses—A Short Anthology of T&I as Objects of Scientific Investigation 13.4 Reframing T&I for SLM 13.5 T&I Strategic Policy Pathways in SLM 13.6 Conclusion References Part IIICo-Evolution: New System Solutions and Governance 14 Small-Scale System Solutions—Material Flow Management (MFM) in Settlements (Water, Energy, Food, Materials) 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Anthropogenic Systems, GDP Growth, and Material Flow Management 14.1.2 The Throughput Society and the SDGs 14.1.3 MFM and Associated Tools 14.2 Europe’s First Zero Emission Campus: The Environmental Campus Birkenfeld (ECB) 14.3 Sustainable (Bio)energy Villages and Communities 14.4 Programmes and Concepts 14.4.1 The Sustainability Roadshow 14.4.2 “Dorfkern” Companies 14.5 Conclusions References 15 Multifunctional Urban Landscapes: The Potential Role of Urban Agriculture as an Element of Sustainable Land Management 15.1 Background on Urban Agriculture 15.2 Motivations for UA: New Consumer-Producer Relationships and Co-production 15.3 Functions and Services Provided by UA Concerning Sustainable Land Management 15.3.1 Social Functions and Services 15.3.2 Ecological Functions and Services 15.3.3 Economic Functions and Services 15.3.4 Limitations 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Integrating Ecosystem Services, Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions—New Perspectives in Sustainable Urban Land Management 16.1 Challenges in Urban Land Management: The Case of European Cities 16.2 Three Concepts for One Goal 16.3 Ecosystem Services, or the Benefits Nature Provides to Urban Populations 16.4 Designing nature’s Benefits into Green Urban Infrastructure in Cities 16.5 ES and UGI as Nature-Based Solutions to Urban Land Management Challenges? 16.6 Conclusions for Sustainable Urban Land Management in the Future References 17 Upcoming Challenges in Land Use Science—An International Perspective 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Current International Debates and Political Discourses 17.3 Topics for Future Research Areas 17.4 Challenges in Research Practice 17.5 Outlook References Part IVOutlook 18 Conclusions and Research Perspectives 18.1 Problems and Challenges 18.2 Sustainable Land Management—New Approaches 18.3 Final Conclusion References