Smart Grids for Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems

Description

This comprehensive reference text discusses simulation with case studies and realworld applications related to energy system models, the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. The text covers analysis and modeling of the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. It further discusses economic aspects useful for policy makers and industrial professionals. It covers important topics, including smart grids architectures, wide-area situational awareness (WASA), energy management systems (EMS), demand response (DR), smart grid standardization exertions, virtual power plants, battery degradation modeling, optimization approaches in modeling, and smart metering infrastructure. The book • Discusses the analysis and modeling of the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. • Covers issues and challenges encountered in the large-scale integration of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and renewable energy systems into future smart grid design. • Provides simulation with case studies and real-world applications related to energy system models, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. • Discusses the integration of large renewable energy systems, with the presence of a large number of electric vehicles and storage devices/systems. Discussing concepts of smart grids, together with the deployment of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and renewable energy systems, this text will be useful as a reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, renewable energy, and clean technologies. It further discusses topics, including electric grid infrastructure, architecture, interfacing, standardization, protocols, security, reliability, communication, and optimal control. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface About the Editors List of Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction to E-vehicle technology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Different types of E-vehicles 1.3 Technologies so far 1.4 Standards for E-vehicles 1.5 Conclusion References Chapter 2: Electric vehicles and smart grid interactions: Infrastructure, current trends, impacts and challenges 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Historic timelines 2.1.2 Types of electric vehicles 2.1.3 The Basic Structure of EVs 2.1.4 EV market scenarios 2.2 Current trends and innovations in electric vehicles 2.2.1 Integration of EVs with a smart grid 2.2.2 Infrastructure and technology implementation 2.2.3 Impacts and impediments of EV penetration 2.3 Standards and policies adopted by different countries 2.3.1 Standards and codes for EV implementation 2.3.2 Schemes introduced by the Indian government 2.4 Future areas of research in EV implementation 2.4.1 Research for new energy storage technologies and infrastructure 2.4.2 Feasibility of V2G support to renewable energy sources References Chapter 3: Implementation issues with large-scale renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging stations on the smart grid 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Large-scale renewable integration into the smart grid 3.3 The impact of EVCS on the smart distribution network 3.3.1 Renewable energy for clean transportation 3.3.2 EVCS planning for electric vehicles 3.3.3 EV fast charging station with multiple energy sources 3.3.4 Managing EV charging an EVCS 3.4 Renewables in smart grids: planning and operation 3.4.1 Energy balance and power continuity 3.4.2 Improved power quality with smart inverters 3.4.3 Power quality management in smart grid 3.4.4 SMART principles in the distribution system 3.5 Future areas of research in large-scale RES and EV implementations 3.5.1 RES integration 3.5.2 Intelligent charging stations 3.5.3 Smart operational planning in a power network References Chapter 4: Analysis of a fuel cell-fed BLDC motor drive with a double boost converter for electric vehicle application 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Proposed fuel cell fed electric vehicle system design 4.2.1 Fuel cell 4.2.2 Double boost converter 4.3 Proposed system control techniques 4.3.1 MPPT controller 4.3.2 Hall Effect controller for VSI 4.4 Result and discussion 4.5 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Structural, finite element and simulation analysis for wireless power transfer of power pad for electric vehicles 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Magnetic circuit analysis for rectangular, DD, DDQ coil system 5.2.1 Rectangular coil pad structure 5.2.2 DD coil pad structure 5.2.3 DDQ coil structure 5.3 System modelling and analysis 5.4 Finite element analysis and simulation result 5.4.1 Simulation result obtained by Ansys Maxwell 5.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Chapter 6: Performance analysis and misalignment effect of power pad for dynamic wireless power charging of electrical vehicles 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Dynamic wireless charging 6.3 Possible misalignment 6.4 Analysis of magnetic circuit for DD coil structure 6.5 Result and simulation 6.6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Chapter 7: An automated system for the rapid classification of harmonic loads and power system faults 7.1 Introduction: background and driving forces 7.2 Simulation model 7.3 Methodology and parameter extraction 7.3.1 Discrete Stockwell-Transform (DST) methodology 7.3.2 Parameter extraction 7.4 Results and discussions 7.5 Conclusions References Chapter 8: Microgrid control design with RES and electric vehicle integration 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The mathematical modelling of a microgrid 8.2.1 Photovoltaic cell 8.2.2 Wind turbine generator 8.2.3 Biodiesel engine generator 8.2.4 Diesel generator 8.2.5 Battery energy storage system 8.2.6 Plug-in electric vehicles 8.2.7 Ultracapacitor 8.3 Linearized active disturbance rejection control 8.4 Simulation results 8.4.1 Scenario 1 8.4.2 Scenario 2 8.5 Conclusion References Chapter 9: A smart grid with renewable energy sources, e-vehicles, and storage systems: Operational and economic aspects 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Operational parameters: guidelines and standardization 9.2.1 Governance and legislation 9.2.2 Market opportunities 9.2.3 Policy proposals for V2G 9.3 Operational parameters: modelling and energy management issues 9.3.1 Aggregation and communication 9.3.2 Technical challenges 9.3.3 Battery degradation 9.3.4 Charging parameters 9.4 Maximizing RES utilization and interaction with the viability of V2G/BESS 9.4.1 Value of stacking 9.4.2 Value creation by offering different grid services 9.4.3 Parameters adopted 9.4.4 Business models 9.4.5 Results 9.5 Case studies of practical implementations 9.5.1 The Parker V2G pilot project (Denmark) 9.5.2 Los Angeles Air Force Base 9.6 Conclusions Note References Chapter 10: A meta-heuristic-based optimal placement of distributed generation sources integrated with electric vehicle parking lot in distribution network 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Mathematical design of the problem 10.2.1 A Direct Approach Method for Load Flow 10.2.2 Objective Functions 10.2.2.1 Active power loss 10.2.2.2 Voltage Deviation Index (VDI) 10.2.3 Constraints 10.3 Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm (TLBO) 10.3.1 Teaching Phase 10.3.2 Learning Phase 10.4 Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) 10.5 Modifications in the TLBO and HS algorithms 10.5.1 Modifications in the TLBO algorithm 10.5.2 Modifications in the teaching phase 10.5.3 Modifications in the teaching factor 10.5.4 Modifications in the HS algorithm 10.6 Proposed HS-TLBO algorithm 10.7 Simulation results and main findings 10.8 Conclusion References Chapter 11: An intelligent technique for electric vehicles for the monitoring of parameters 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature survey 11.3 Conceptualization of work 11.4 Flow of information 11.4.1 Input to central system 11.4.2 Optimization process and algorithm 11.4.3 Dashboard for output 11.5 Hardware blocks 11.6 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Operational and economical aspects of a smart grid with large penetration of RESs and EVs 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Combined operation: best practices and major issues 12.2.1 States of Electric Vehicles 12.3 Operational guidelines and standardization 12.4 Operational parameters: modelling aspects, major drives, technical parameters, operational guidelines and standardization 12.4.1 Modelling aspects 12.4.2 Major drivers 12.4.2.1 Components of the smart grid 12.4.3 Applications of energy management 12.4.3.1 Power flow 12.4.3.2 Energy management in the smart grid 12.5 Maximizing RESs utilization 12.5.1 Importance of the maximization of RES 12.6 Enhancing operational efficacy measures and methods 12.7 Economic aspects, affordability and practicability 12.8 Optimal economical model 12.9 Cost-aware EVs interacting with RESs 12.10 Emission-aware EVs interacting with RESs 12.11 Case studies 12.12 Mathematical model 12.13 Future directions 12.14 Conclusion References Index