Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Description

This second edition of Freemark’s text embodies all of the strengths of the original work but is deeper and broader in scope, with new chapters on emerging themes including metabolomics, genomics, and the roles of gastrointestinal hormones, the microbiome, brown adipose tissue, and endocrine disruptors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Reviews of the effects of weight excess on cognitive performance and immune function complement detailed analyses of the biochemical and molecular pathways controlling the development of childhood adiposity and metabolic disease. Critical assessments of nutritional interventions (including new chapters on infant feeding practices and vegetarian diets) and superb reviews of behavioral counseling, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery provide practical guidance for the management of overweight children. Penetrating analyses of the obesity epidemic in its social, cultural, economic, and political contexts highlight challenges and opportunities for obesity prevention and community action. The perspective is international in scope and reflects the expertise and experience of many of the leading figures in the field. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this new edition of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment will be an invaluable guide for all healthcare providers and policy makers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxv Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Childhood Obesity in the Modern Age: Global Trends, Determinants, Complications, and Costs (Michael Freemark)....Pages 3-24 Front Matter ....Pages 25-25 Central Control of Energy Metabolism and Hypothalamic Obesity (Belma Haliloglu, Abdullah Bereket)....Pages 27-42 Gastrointestinal Hormones and the Control of Food Intake and Energy Metabolism (Laura C. Page, Mark D. Miller, David D’Alessio, Jenny Tong)....Pages 43-61 The Gut Microbiome and Control of Weight Gain (Anita L. Kozyrskyj, Hein Min Tun, Sarah L. Bridgman)....Pages 63-78 Front Matter ....Pages 79-79 White Adipose Tissue Development and Function in Children and Adolescents: Preclinical Models (Pamela Fischer-Posovszky, Julian Roos, Verena Zoller, Martin Wabitsch)....Pages 81-93 White Adipose Tissue Accumulation and Dysfunction in Children with Obesity (Antje Körner, Wieland Kiess, Kathrin Landgraf)....Pages 95-115 Brown Adipose Tissue and Body Weight Regulation (Michael Freemark, Sheila Collins)....Pages 117-132 Front Matter ....Pages 133-133 Monogenic Obesity (Marie Pigeyre, David Meyre)....Pages 135-152 Syndromic Obesity (Krystal A. Irizarry, Andrea M. Haqq)....Pages 153-182 Polygenic Obesity (Anke Hinney, Johanna Giuranna)....Pages 183-202 Front Matter ....Pages 203-203 Maternal Determinants of Childhood Obesity: Maternal Obesity, Weight Gain and Smoking (Jenna Hollis, Hazel Inskip, Siân Robinson)....Pages 205-213 Fetal and Infancy Growth (Ken K. Ong)....Pages 215-227 Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Childhood Obesity (Dana Dabelea, Katherine A. Sauder)....Pages 229-242 Endocrine Disruptors as Obesogens (Leonardo Trasande, Bruce Blumberg)....Pages 243-253 Front Matter ....Pages 255-255 Early Feeding Practices and Development of Childhood Obesity (Megan H. Pesch, Julie C. Lumeng)....Pages 257-270 Dietary Interventions in the Treatment of Paediatric Obesity (Megan L. Gow, Mandy Ho, Natalie B. Lister, Sarah P. Garnett)....Pages 271-286 Vegetarian Diets and Pediatric Obesity (Gina Segovia-Siapco, Sarah Jung, Joan Sabaté)....Pages 287-303 Energy Expenditure in Children: The Role of NEAT (Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis) (Lorraine Lanningham-Foster, James A. Levine)....Pages 305-319 Front Matter ....Pages 321-321 Obesity and the Endocrine System, Part I: Pathogenesis of Weight Gain in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (Michael Freemark)....Pages 323-331 Obesity and the Endocrine System, Part II: The Effects of Childhood Obesity on Growth and Bone Maturation, Thyroid and Adrenal Function, Sexual Development, and Bone Mineralization (Michael Freemark)....Pages 333-342 Metabolomic Signatures and Metabolic Complications in Childhood Obesity (Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu, Christopher B. Newgard)....Pages 343-361 Immune Function in Obesity (Yazan Alwarawrah, Nancie J. MacIver)....Pages 363-378 Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Childhood Obesity (Ram Weiss, Emilia Hagman)....Pages 379-391 Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Philip S. Zeitler, Megan M. Kelsey)....Pages 393-418 Pathogenesis and Management of Dyslipidemia in Obese Children (Brian W. McCrindle)....Pages 419-449 Fatty Liver Disease (Della Corte Claudia, Antonella Mosca, Arianna Alterio, Donatella Comparcola, Francesca Ferretti, Valerio Nobili)....Pages 451-462 Pathogenesis of Hypertension and Renal Disease in Obese Children (Tracy E. Hunley, Vance L. Albaugh, Valentina Kon)....Pages 463-495 Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Sleep Duration in Childhood Obesity (Annelies Van Eyck, Stijn Verhulst)....Pages 497-509 Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: Long-Term Risks for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (Costan G. Magnussen, Brooklyn J. Fraser, Olli T. Raitakari)....Pages 511-526 Childhood Obesity, Atherogenesis, and Adult Cardiovascular Disease (Amy S. Shah, Elaine M. Urbina)....Pages 527-538 Childhood Obesity and Cognitive Function (Dawn M. Eichen, Sara Appleton-Knapp, Kerri N. Boutelle)....Pages 539-551 Front Matter ....Pages 553-553 Family-Based Behavioral Interventions for Childhood Obesity (Denise E. Wilfley, Katherine N. Balantekin)....Pages 555-567 Exercise and Childhood Obesity (David Thivel, Grace O’Malley, Julien Aucouturier)....Pages 569-587 School- and Community-Based Interventions for Childhood Obesity (Joel Gittelsohn, Sohyun Park)....Pages 589-610 Front Matter ....Pages 611-611 Role of Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity and Its Comorbidities (Aaron S. Kelly, Claudia K. Fox)....Pages 613-627 Pathogenesis and Management of Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (Thomas M. Barber, Jalini Joharatnam, Stephen Franks)....Pages 629-642 Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Children with Major Behavioral Disorders: Second-Generation Antipsychotics (Gloria Reeves, Linmarie Sikich)....Pages 643-659 Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents (Daniel Relles, Jeffrey L. Zitsman)....Pages 661-681 Front Matter ....Pages 683-683 The Role of the Primary Care Provider in Long-Term Counseling: Establishing a Therapeutic Alliance with the Child and Family (Sarah Armstrong, Joseph A. Jackson Jr., Jessica Lyden Hoffman)....Pages 685-693 The Sociocultural Context for Obesity Prevention and Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Influences of Ethnicity and Gender (Shiriki Kumanyika)....Pages 695-713 Front Matter ....Pages 715-715 Fast-Food Value Chains and Childhood Obesity: A Global Perspective (Michelle Christian, Gary Gereffi)....Pages 717-730 Why We Need Local, State, and National Policy-Based Approaches to Improve Children’s Nutrition in the United States (Megan Lott, Marlene Schwartz, Mary Story, Kelly D. Brownell)....Pages 731-755 Back Matter ....Pages 757-814