Urban Commons, Future Smart Cities and Sustainability

Description

This book provides a critical theoretical framework for understanding the implementation and development of smart cities as innovation drivers, with long-term effects on productivity, livability, and the sustainability of specific initiatives. This framework is based on an empirical analysis of 21 case studies, which include pioneer projects from various regions. It investigates how successful smart city initiatives foster technological innovation by combining regulatory governance and private agency. The typologies of smart city-making approaches are thoroughly examined. This book presents the holistic approach of smart cities, which start from current issue and challenges, advanced technological development, disaster mitigation, ecological perspective, social issue, and urban governance.   The book is organized into five major parts, which reflect interconnection between theories and practice. Part one explains the introduction which reflects the diversity and challenges of the urban commons and its regeneration. Part two covers the current and future situation of urban growth, anglomeration agglomeration, and urban infrastructure. This section includes rethinking urban sprawl: moving towards sustainable cities, drivers of urban growth and infrastructure, urban land use dynamics and urban sprawl and urban infrastructure sustainability and resilience. Part three describes climate crisis, urban health, and waste management. This section includes climate change and health impacts in urban areas, green spaces: an invaluable resource for delivering sustainable urban health, health and wellbeing and quality of life in the changing urban environment, urban climate and pollution―case study, sustainable urban waste management and urban sustainability and global warming and urban heat Island. Part four covers the ecological perspectives, advanced technology, and social impact for i.e., smart building, ecosystem services, society and future smart cities (SSC). This section includes urban ecosystem services, environmental planning, and city management, artificial intelligence and urban hazards and societal impact, and using geospatial application and urban/smart city energy conservation―case study. Part five covers urban governance, smart solutions, and sustainable cities. It includes good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation, urban governance, space and policy planning to achieve sustainability, smart city planning and management and Internet of things (IoT), advances in smart roads for future smart cities, sustainable city planning, innovation, and management, future strategy for sustainable smart cities and lessons from the pandemic: the future of smart cities. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents Editors and Contributors Part I Introduction 1 Global Narratives of Knowledge and Innovation-Based Development Introduction Global Cities: Prospects of Knowledge-Based Development Research Framework Estimates for Global Research and Development Innovation Initiatives in Developed Economies Innovation Initiatives in India Approach for Innovation UNDP, Global Knowledge Index 2021 Bloomberg Innovation Index 2021 NITI Aayog, Innovation Report 2020 Vision 2030: Government of Karnataka and SDGs Karnataka’s Economic Initiatives to Foster Knowledge Ties Role of Software Policies in Reshaping the State’s Economy Conclusion References 2 Recreational Centres as Urban Commons: Potential and Barriers to Regeneration in Zambia Introduction Rationale of the Study A Brief History of Zambian Recreation Centres and the Subsequent Degeneration Methodology Results and Discussion Suitable Characteristics of Recreation Centres Benefits of Using Recreation Centres as Urban Commons Challenges Hindering Sustainable Regeneration Zambian Recreation Centres as Urban Commons and Future Smart Cities Recommendations Conclusion References 3 Political Common(ing) in a Smart City Introduction Reading Commons: A Literature Survey Through the Lens of Public/Political Governing Smart Cities: As a Democratic Polity Governing Commoning Political Commons: Developing a Framework Community Media: An Example Community Radio: Political Commoning in India Assessment References Part II Urban Growth, Agglomeration and Urban Infrastructure 4 Learning from Contextual Diversity: Urban Sprawls of Greater Melbourne (West) and Chandigarh (Periphery) and Approaches to Their Sustainable Growth Introduction Emical and Etical Approaches Supportive Approaches and Representations: Spectacles and Landscapes Conceptual Framework: Planning Tools (Controls), Urban Sprawls and Suburbs Histories Reading Melbourne as a British Colony, Land Possession and the Beginning of the Settlement Process Melbourne: A City in Making Urban Sprawls, Suburbs of Melbourne Western Suburbs of Greater Melbourne Following Sustainable Paths? Ongoing Work on Sustainability, Amidst Party Politics Contextuality and Differences Contextualising Urban Societies ‘Desakota’ Form of Suburban Development in South-Eastern Asia Hybridisation and Urban Sprawls Property, Values and Suburban Growth Experiences of Walking, Living in Melbourne’s Western Suburbs Chandigarh Peripheral Transformations: Mega-projects, SEZs Periphery North-East North-West South-West (Mohali-End on Kharar–Banur Highway) South-East: (Zirakpur) Along Chandigarh-Patiala; Chandigarh-Ambala-Delhi Highway SEZs Emerging Scenario Differences and Distinctions Conclusions References 5 Urbanisation and Urban Villages: An Overview of Slum Communities in India Introduction Methodological Approaches Thematic Lines of Research Effect of Globalisation and the Neoliberal Economy in Housing Crises and Growth of Slums in India Neoliberal Economy and Wage Inequality Changing Patterns of Economy—From Formal to Informal Rural–Urban Migration and the Role of Urban-Centric Economic Bias Livability in Urban India and Declining Quality of Life Methodological Focus on Urban Slum Scholarship in India Conclusions Significance and Policy Implications References 6 Sustainable Urban Management of the Mainstream and the Margin: Reflecting on Delhi and Its Peri-Urban Transformation Introduction Data and Methodology Results and Discussion Understanding the City Spaces, Its Peripheries and Apprehending the Changes in the Process of Urban Growth Examining the Trend of Urban Development Through Visual Images Summing Up References 7 Are Informal Economic Spaces of Street-Vending Sights of ‘Disorderly Urban Environments’ and Sprawl? A Case Study on Hawkers of Kolkata Introduction Informality, City Streets and Environmental Framings Field Context and Methodology Street Vendors and Articulations Around Urban Environment in Selected Areas of Kolkata Discussions Conclusions References 8 Polycentric Urbanism and the Growth of New Economic Hubs in Mumbai, India Introduction Literature Review Materials and Methods The Study Area Data and Research Instruments Results and Discussion Mumbai’s Transition from a Monocentric to a Polycentric Paradigm The Emergence of New Economic Hubs Implications of the Polycentric Growth of Economic Hubs Conclusions and Recommendations References 9 Estimate the Urban Landscape Dynamics in Balichak Census Town, West Bengal, for Integrated Spatial Monitoring Introduction Study Area Materials and Methods Approximation of Sprawling Susceptibility Probability Mass Function in Sprawling Impacts Analysis Cumulative Distribution Function Result and Discussion Probability of Changes Susceptibility Score Recommendations for Sustainable Coping Strategy Conclusion References 10 Determination of Urban Sprawl Using Shannon Entropy Model in GIS: A Study of Bardhaman City of West Bengal, India Introduction Study Area Materials and Methods Result and Discussion Changes in the Land Use and Land Cover in Bardhaman Planning Area Change Detection and Area Converted to Built-Up in Bardhaman Planning Area Urban Sprawl and Expansion of the City Area Shannon’s Entropy Index for Urban Sprawl Conclusion References 11 Urban Sprawl and Landscape Transition in Awutu Senya East Municipal Assembly Introduction Literature Review Urbanisation and Urban Sprawl Effects of Urbanisation and Urban Sprawl on Earth’s Systems Study Area Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Land Use and Land Cover Types Land Cover Change Detection Change Detection 1986 and 2002 Change Detection 2002 and 2021 Change Detection 1986 and 2021 Perception on the Causes and Effects of Landscape Transformation Discussion Limitations of the Study Conclusion and Recommendations References 12 Urbanisation and Economic Interdependency: An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Change and Continuity in India, 1981–2011 Introduction Literature Review Economic Liberalisation as a Framework Economic Restructuring, Urbanisation and Economic Growth Measurement Indicators for Economic Growth and Urbanisation Research Design Study Area and Scale of Analysis Data Source and Methods Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Visual Insights into Growth and Development Results and Discussion Spatial Patterns of Inter-State Urbanisation and Urban Growth Rates The State of Indian Economy and Growth Sectors Performance and Pattern of Per Capita Net State Domestic Product in India Major Factors of Urban Economic Growth New Economic Reforms and Indian Economy Emergence of Economic Sectors in the New Millennium (2010–11) The Composite Scores and Levels of Development Conclusions References 13 Comprehending the Land Use Dynamics in Urban Regions by Conducting an Ex-post Master Plan Evaluation Introduction Materials and Methods Case Study Selection Data Collection for Spatial Analysis Master Plan-Wise Analysis Urban Land Use Category-Wise Analysis Conformance Variation (CV) Results and Discussion Master Plan-Wise Analysis Urban Land Use Category-Wise Analysis Conformance Variation (CV) Discussion Challenges/Limitations of the Study Conclusion References 14 Rethinking Urban Sprawl: Moving Towards Sustainable Urban Planning Practice in Zambia Introduction Materials and Methods Results Background of Urban Development in Zambia Post-independence Urban Development and Planning The Legal Basis for City Planning Process in Zambia A Shift to Integrated Development Planning Urban Sprawl in Kitwe Conclusion References 15 Geospatial Technology for Analysing the Dynamics in Microclimate with Special Reference to Land Surface Temperature of Tropical Cities: A Case Study Introduction Methodology Data Processing and Analysis Measurement of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature Study Area Spatial Pattern of LST Land Cover Type and Land Surface Temperature Vegetation Agriculture Waterbodies Barren Lands Built-Up Significance of Different Land Cover Indices on LST Normalised Difference Vegetation Index—NDVI Distribution of NDVI Values in Kannur District Distribution of NDVI Values on Land Use Land Cover Relationship Between NDVI and LST Normalised Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) Distribution of NDBI in Kannur District Distribution of NDBI Values on Land Use Land Cover Relationship Between NDBI and LST Conclusion References 16 Assessment of LULC Changes and Its Impact on Agricultural Landscape in Peri-urban Space of Bolpur Town, West Bengal (India) Introduction About Study Areas Methodology Spatial Data Adaptation of Classification Scheme LULC Classification Based on Support Vectors Machine Learning Algorithms Accuracy Assessment Analysis of Urban Expansion by Change Assessment Results and Discussion Land Cover Maps and Status Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Change Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Change Detection Gain–Loss Analysis Agricultural Land Fragmentation Accuracy Assessment of the Classification Discussion Conclusion References 17 Exploring the Spatio-temporal Patterns and Driving Forces of Urban Growth in Dhaka Megacity from 1990 to 2020 Introduction Worldwide Urbanisation Trend Process of Urbanisation Characteristics of Urbanisation in Bangladesh Application of Remote Sensing in Urbanisation Research Rationale of the Study Materials and Method Study Area Data Description Methods Results and Discussion Spatio-temporal Patterns of Urbanisation in Dhaka City Driving Forces Urbanisation in the City Impact on the Environment and Health Conclusion References Part III Climate Crisis, Urban Health and Waste Management 18 Impacts of Climate Change on Precipitation and Temperature Climatology in Türkiye from Present to Future Perspective Introduction Study Area Rationale of the Study Materials and Methods Determining I, the Mediterranean Climatic Border Determination of Seasonal Precipitation Regimes and Determination of Areas with Summer Precipitation > 200 mm and  200 mm and