Economic Change Governance and Natural Resource Wealth: The Political Economy of Change in Southern Africa

Description

This volume analyzes the ways in which natural resource wealth has shaped authoritarian political regimes and statist economic systems in the countries of southern Africa in the post-colonial period. It consists of five essays. The first sets out the historical framework and emergence of natural resources as the crucial driver of economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Three essays, drawing on in-country research, focus on Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. They show how this explains the economic evolution of those countries - in particular, the impacts of economic and institutional changes on the bulk of the population, the rural poor. The final essay explores the nature of the changes and their neoliberal economic context, and the ways in which their harmful consequences might be relieved. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Maps Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction Origins From Analysis to Advocacy A Broadened Perspective The Analytical Approach Limitations Chapter 1: The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth Natural Resource Wealth The Scramble for Africa Initial Returns The World Wars and Between Towards Decolonization Economic Foundations of Authoritarianism Rent-Seeking State Capitalism Monopoly Production Smallholder Commodity Production Large-scale Commercial Agriculture Authoritarian Regimes in Southern Mrica (Un)intended Political Impacts of Structural Adjustment Resistance Enter the Technocrats Good Governance Natural Resource Wealth: Old Challenges in the New Millennium Continued Dependence on Natural Resource Wealth Terms of Trade and Market Fluctuations Natural Resource Wealth and Rent Seeking Challenges for Civil Society Chapter 2: Tanzania The Imperatives of Change Agrarian Socialism and Authoritarianism Structural Change and Natural Resource Sectors Overcoming Resistance Restructuring the Agricultural Sector Opening the Mining Sector Expanding Tourism The Economic Impact of the Structural Reforms on Mining and Tourism The Promise of Continuing Change Benefits and Beneficiaries Costs and Their Distribution The Political Realm A Tentative Balance Sheet Chapter 3: Zambia Constructing the Authoritarian Regime Economic and Resource Policy Under Kaunda and UNIP The Imperative to Adjust Collapse of the Copper Economy The Reform Package Institutional Reforms for Rural Communities Structural Dualism UNIP's Institutional Grip The MMD's Turn Impact of Reforms on Deep Rural Areas Opportunities and Growing Conflicts Dismantling Dualism: to Whose Benefit? Towards a New Authoritarianism? A Tentative Balance Sheet Chapter 4: Zimbabwe The Foundations of Conflict Settler Colonialism Unilateral Declaration Oflndependence (UDI) Independence Economic Reforms The Need to Reform Impact of Structural Reforms on Tourism Three Local Experiences Under Adjustment's Shadow Political Manipulation of the Land Question Towards Resolution or Protracted Conflict? Chapter 5: Natural Resource Wealth in the Construction of Neoliberal Economies in Southern Africa What Groups or Economic Agents Have Gained or Lost Control over Natural Resources in the Context of Economic Reforms? From the State to Private Economic Agents Transfer of Traditionally Managed Resources to Private Control Transfer Among Private Owners Through What Processes, Policies and Relations Have These Groups Acquired or Lost Control over Natural Resources? Establishing the Neoliberal Policy Context Providing Guarantees and Incentives Institutional Reforms Corruption and Collusion Coercion Will Those Changes Promote Sustainable Development Paths by Promoting Environmental Sustainability, Enhancing Social Equity and Increasing Governments' Public Accountability? Environmental Sustainability Enhancing Social Equity Political Accountability and Transparency Pursuing Reforms Without a National Consensus Misplaced Policies Misplaced Priorities Missing Factor in the Development Equation By Way of Recommendations The Bretton Woods Institutions Strengthening the Role of Civil Society Guiding Principles: Natural Resource Wealth and the Rural Poor Notes and References Index