Atlas of Lower Extremity Skin Disease

Description

Lower extremity skin disorders are often overlooked by clinicians. Ailments such as eczema, psoriasis and tinea at times prove difficult to distinguish clinically, and misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate therapy. Many practitioners are mystified when confronted with an abnormal appearing nail. Delay in recognizing skin cancer may adversely impact morbidity and mortality. This full-color atlas is a concise guide for medical professionals who deal with the lower extremities and will aid in both diagnosis and treatment. Topics featured in the Atlas include nail pathology, fungal and bacterial infections, xerotic and hyperkeratotic disorders, autoimmune diseases and vasculopathies, benign and malignant lesions, systemic diseases, and ulcerations. Each chapter contains vibrant photographic representative examples. Concluding chapters present a review of biopsy techniques as well as an overview of current dermatological therapies.  The Atlas of Lower Extremity Skin Disease is a unique resource for podiatrists, dermatologists, and primary care physicians as well as nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1: Nail Disorders of the Lower Extremity 1.1 Nail Plate Changes 1.1.1 Beau’s Lines 1.1.2 Onychomadesis 1.1.3 Onychorrhexis 1.1.4 Trachyonychia (Twenty Nail Dystrophy) 1.2 Nail Shape and Size Changes 1.2.1 Anonychia 1.2.2 Koilonychia (Spoon Nails) 1.2.3 Pincer Nails 1.2.4 Clubbing 1.2.5 Onychogryphosis 1.3 Nail Color Changes 1.3.1 Leukonychia 1.3.2 Longitudinal Melanonychia 1.3.3 Green Nails/Chloronychia 1.3.4 Yellow Nail Syndrome 1.4 Nail Plate–Nail Bed Adhesion Issues 1.4.1 Onycholysis 1.4.2 Disappearing Nail Bed 1.5 Unique Toenail Issues 1.5.1 Subungual Hematoma 1.5.2 Ingrown Toenails 1.5.3 Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenail 1.5.4 Retronychia 1.6 Dermatologic Disease Related Nail Disorders 1.6.1 Nail Psoriasis 1.6.2 Nail Lichen Planus 1.7 Infections of the Nail Unit 1.7.1 Herpes Simplex (Herpetic Whitlow) 1.7.2 Periungual Viral Warts 1.7.3 Onychomycosis 1.8 Tumors of the Nails 1.8.1 Pyogenic Granuloma 1.8.2 Fibroma/Fibrokeratoma 1.8.3 Myxoid Cyst (Mucoid Cyst) 1.8.4 Subungual Exostosis 1.8.5 Nail Matrix Nevi 1.8.6 Bowen’s Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma 1.8.7 Subungual Melanoma References 2: Superficial Fungal Infections of the Lower Extremity 2.1 Interdigital Tinea Pedis 2.2 Moccasin Tinea Pedis 2.3 Vesicular or Vesiculobullous Tinea Pedis 2.4 Tinea Incognito 2.5 Majocchi’s Granuloma 2.6 Tinea Nigra 2.7 Laboratory Tests 2.8 Treatment References 3: Infections and Infestations of the Lower Extremity 3.1 Bacterial Infections 3.1.1 Abscess 3.1.2 Cellulitis 3.1.3 Erythrasma 3.1.4 Folliculitis 3.1.5 Impetigo 3.1.6 Pitted Keratolysis 3.2 Viral Infections 3.2.1 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease 3.2.2 Herpes Zoster 3.2.3 Molluscum Contagiosum 3.2.4 Plantar Verruca 3.3 Infestations 3.3.1 Bed Bugs 3.3.2 Fleas 3.3.3 Scabies 3.3.4 Ticks/Lyme Disease References 4: Xerotic and Hyperkeratotic Disorders of the Lower Extremity 4.1 Xerosis 4.2 Corns and Calluses 4.3 Asteatotic Eczema (Erythema Craquele) 4.4 Keratoderma Climactericum (Haxthausen’s Disease) 4.5 Ichthyosis 4.6 Palmoplantar Keratoderma 4.7 Porokeratosis 4.8 Topical Therapies for Xerotic Conditions References 5: Papulosquamous Disorders of the Lower Extremity 5.1 Psoriasis 5.2 Lichen Planus 5.3 Lichen Striatus References 6: Contact, Irritant, Atopic, and Stasis Dermatitis of the Lower Extremity 6.1 Contact and Irritant Dermatitis 6.2 Atopic Dermatitis 6.3 Stasis Dermatitis References 7: Concerns of the Lower Extremity in Skin of Color 7.1 Pigmentation Disorders and Inflammatory Conditions 7.1.1 Erythema 7.1.2 Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation 7.1.3 Post-inflammatory Hypopigmentation 7.1.4 Vitiligo 7.1.5 Melanonychia 7.2 Scars References 8: Autoimmune Diseases and Vasculopathies of the Lower Extremity 8.1 Chilblains 8.2 COVID Toes 8.3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 8.4 Systemic Sclerosis 8.5 Vitiligo References 9: Benign and Malignant Lesions of the Lower Extremity 9.1 Benign Lesions 9.1.1 Acral Nevus 9.1.2 Actinic Keratoses 9.1.3 Angiokeratoma 9.1.4 Dermatofibroma 9.1.5 Lipoma 9.1.6 Neurofibroma 9.1.7 Poroma 9.1.8 Pyogenic Granuloma 9.1.9 Seborrheic Keratosis 9.1.10 Stucco Keratoses 9.2 Malignant Lesions 9.2.1 Basal Cell Carcinoma 9.2.2 Kaposi’s Sarcoma 9.2.3 Keratoacanthoma 9.2.4 Melanoma 9.2.5 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 9.2.6 Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma) References 10: Blistering Eruptions of the Lower Extremity 10.1 Bullous Pemphigoid 10.2 Dermatitis Herpetiformis 10.3 Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita 10.4 Acropustulosis of Infancy References 11: Self-Induced and Psychogenic Skin Conditions of the Lower Extremity 11.1 Erythema Ab Igne 11.2 Prurigo Nodularis 11.3 Tanorexia 11.4 Delusions of Parasitosis References 12: Skin Signs of Systemic Disease and Reactive Disorders of the Lower Extremity 12.1 Diabetic Dermopathy 12.2 Erythema Multiforme 12.3 Erythema Nodosum 12.4 Granuloma Annulare 12.5 Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis 12.6 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis 12.7 Lipodermatosclerosis 12.8 Necrobiosis Lipoidica 12.9 Perforating Folliculitis 12.10 Porokeratosis 12.11 Pretibial Myxedema References 13: Ulcerations of the Lower Extremity 13.1 Diagnosis 13.1.1 Shape 13.1.2 Base 13.1.3 Peri-wound Skin 13.1.4 Location 13.2 Arterial Ulcers 13.3 Diabetic Ulcers 13.4 Venous Ulcers 13.5 Pyoderma Gangrenosum 13.6 Sickle Cell Ulcer 13.7 Calciphylaxis 13.8 Pressure Ulcers References 14: Drug Eruptions of the Lower Extremity 14.1 Morbilliform Drug Eruptions 14.2 Fixed Drug Eruption 14.3 Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis References 15: Biopsy Techniques of the Lower Extremity 15.1 Shave Biopsy 15.2 Punch Biopsy 15.3 Excisional and Incisional Biopsies 15.4 Curettage and Electrodesiccation 15.5 Nail Biopsy References 16: Dermatologic Therapies of the Lower Extremity: Topical and Systemic References Index