Sensors for Mechatronics (Elsevier Insights)

Description

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field combining Mechanical, Electronic, Computer, and other Engineering fields to develop intelligent processes and products. Based on thirty years of extensive work in industry and teaching, this book provides an overview of the sensors and sensor systems required and applied in mechatronics with an emphasis on understanding the physical principles and possible configurations of sensors rather than simply a discussion of particular types of sensors. Well illustrated with examples of commercially available sensors and of recent and future developments, this book offers help in achieving the best solution to various kinds of sensor problems encountered in mechatronics. In a clear and detailed manner, the author reviews the major types of transducers, presents a characterization of the state-of-the-art in sensing technology and offers a view on current sensor research. This book will be a vital resource for practicing engineers and students in the field. ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\tapa.pdf‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Front-matter_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Frontmatter ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Copyright_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Copyright ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\content.pdf‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\content\content1.png‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\content\content2.png‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\content\content3.png‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\content\content4.png‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\content\content5.png‎ ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Preface_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Preface ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\1---Introduction_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 1 Introduction 1.1 Sensors in Mechatronics 1.1.1 Definitions 1.1.2 Sensor Development 1.1.3 Sensor Nomenclature 1.1.4 Sensors and Information Binary Sensors Analogue Sensors Image Sensors Optical Imaging Acoustic Imaging Tactile Imaging 1.2 Selection of Sensors References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Introductory Books on Sensors and Mechatronics Books on Semiconductor Sensors ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\2---Sensor-Fundamentals_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 2 Sensor Fundamentals 2.1 Physical Quantities 2.1.1 Classification of Quantities 2.1.2 Relations Between Quantities 2.2 Sensor Classifications 2.2.1 Classification Based on Measurand and Application Field 2.2.2 Classification Based on Port Models 2.2.3 Classification Based on Conversion Principles 2.2.4 Classification According to Energy Domain References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Some books and articles on quantities and systems ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\3---Uncertainty-Aspects_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 3 Uncertainty Aspects 3.1 Sensor Specification 3.1.1 Sensitivity 3.1.2 Non-linearity and Hysteresis 3.1.3 Resolution 3.1.4 Accuracy 3.1.5 Offset and Zero Drift 3.1.6 Noise 3.1.7 Response Time 3.1.8 Frequency Response and Bandwidth 3.1.9 Operating Conditions 3.2 Sensor Error Reduction Techniques 3.2.1 Compensation 3.2.2 Feedback Methods 3.2.3 Filtering Filtering Prior to Transduction Filtering after Transduction 3.2.4 Modulation Multiplier as Modulator Switch Modulator Measurement Bridge as Modulator 3.2.5 Demodulation 3.2.6 Correction Methods References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Many Books on Instrumentation and Measurement Comprise Chapters on Accuracy and Noise Reduction, for Instance ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\4---Resistive-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 4 Resistive Sensors 4.1 Resistivity and Resistance 4.2 Potentiometric Sensors 4.2.1 Construction and General Properties 4.2.2 Electrical Characteristics 4.2.3 Interfacing 4.2.4 Contact-Free Potentiometers 4.2.5 Applications of Potentiometers 4.3 Strain Gauges 4.3.1 Construction and Properties 4.3.2 Interfacing 4.3.3 Applications of Strain Gauges 4.4 Piezoresistive Sensors 4.4.1 Piezoresistivity Piezoresistive Silicon Sensors Piezoresistive Elastomers 4.4.2 Micromachined Piezoresistive Sensors Pressure and Force Sensors Piezoresistive Accelerometers 4.4.3 Applications of Piezoresistive Sensors Tactile Sensors 4.5 Magnetoresistive Sensors 4.5.1 Magnetoresistivity 4.5.2 Applications of Magnetoresistive Sensors 4.6 Thermoresistive Sensors 4.6.1 Thermoresistivity 4.6.2 Resistance Thermometer 4.6.3 Thermistors 4.7 Optoresistive Sensors References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Books and Reviews on Magnetoresistive Sensors and Applications Books and Review Articles on Tactile Sensors ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\5---Capacitive-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 5 Capacitive Sensors 5.1 Capacitance and Permittivity 5.2 Basic Configurations of Capacitive Sensors 5.2.1 Flat-Plate Capacitive Sensors 5.2.2 Multiplate Capacitive Sensors 5.2.3 Silicon Capacitive Sensors Silicon Pressure Sensors Silicon Accelerometers 5.3 Interfacing 5.4 Applications 5.4.1 Capacitive Sensors for Position- and Force-Related Quantities 5.4.2 Particular Applications References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\6---Inductive-and-Magnetic-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 6 Inductive and Magnetic Sensors 6.1 Magnetic and Electromagnetic Quantities 6.1.1 Magnetic Field Strength, Magnetic Induction and Flux 6.1.2 Permeability 6.1.3 Eddy Currents 6.1.4 Magnetic Resistance (Reluctance) and Self-Inductance 6.1.5 Magnetostriction 6.2 Magnetic Field Sensors 6.2.1 Coil 6.2.2 Hall Plate Sensors 6.2.3 Fluxgate Sensors 6.3 Magnetic and Induction Based Displacement and Force Sensors 6.3.1 Magnetic Proximity Switches 6.3.2 Inductive Proximity and Displacement Sensors 6.3.3 Eddy Current Displacement Sensors 6.3.4 Variable Differential Transformers 6.3.5 Resolvers and Synchros 6.3.6 Magnetostrictive or Elastomagnetic Sensors 6.4 Applications 6.4.1 Interfacing Inductive Sensors 6.4.2 Contact-Free Sensing Using Magnetic and Inductive Sensors 6.4.3 Applications of Variable Reluctance and Eddy Current Sensors Angular Displacement Linear Displacement and Velocity Non-Destructive Testing and Material Characterization 6.4.4 Applications of Other Inductive Sensors References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Books Review Papers ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\7---Optical-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 7 Optical Sensors 7.1 Electro-Optical Components 7.1.1 Light Emitters 7.1.2 Light Sensors 7.1.3 Position Sensitive Diode 7.2 Optical Displacement Sensors 7.2.1 Intensity Measurement 7.2.2 Triangulation 7.2.3 Optical Encoders 7.2.4 Interferometry 7.2.5 Time-of-Flight 7.3 Interfacing 7.3.1 LEDs and Photo Diodes 7.3.2 Interfacing PSDs 7.4 Applications 7.4.1 Linear Displacement Sensing Linear Distance Surface Properties: Roughness, Flatness, Thickness Linear Velocity and Acceleration 7.4.2 Angular Displacement Sensing 7.4.3 Object Tracking 7.4.4 Object Shape 7.4.5 Navigation 7.4.6 Force, Torque and Strain Sensing References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Recommended Books on Optoelectronics ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\8---Piezoelectric-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 8 Piezoelectric Sensors 8.1 Piezoelectricity 8.1.1 Piezoelectric Materials 8.1.2 Piezoelectric Parameters 8.2 Force, Pressure and Acceleration Sensors 8.2.1 Construction 8.2.2 Characteristics of Accelerometers 8.3 Interfacing 8.4 Applications 8.4.1 Stress and Pressure 8.4.2 Acceleration 8.4.3 Tactile Sensors References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading Some Books and Articles on Piezoelectric Materials, Sensors, and Applications ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\9---Acoustic-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ 9 Acoustic Sensors 9.1 Properties of the Acoustic Medium 9.1.1 Sound Intensity and Pressure 9.1.2 Sound Propagation Speed 9.1.3 Acoustic Damping 9.1.4 Acoustic Impedance 9.2 Acoustic Sensors 9.2.1 General Properties 9.2.2 Electrostatic Transducers 9.2.3 Piezoelectric Transducers 9.2.4 Arrays 9.3 Measurement Methods 9.3.1 Burst 9.3.2 Continuous Sine Wave (CW) 9.3.3 Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waves (FMCW) 9.3.4 Other Signal Types 9.4 Applications 9.4.1 Navigation General Navigation for Mobile Robots Navigation Tool for Visually Impaired Persons Localization of Tools 9.4.2 Inspection General Acoustic Imaging NDT and Material Properties Production and Process Control Tactile Sensors Conclusion References and Literature References to Cited Literature Literature for Further Reading ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-A---Symbols-and-Notations_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Appendix A Symbols and Notations A.1 The Electrical Domain A.2 The Thermal Domain A.3 The Mechanical Domain A.4 The Optical Domain A.4.1 Optical Quantities A.4.2 Radiant Energy from a Unit Surface with Lambertian Emission A.4.3 Derivation of Relations Between Intensity and Distance ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-B---Relations-Between-Quantities_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Appendix B Relations Between Quantities B.1 Generalized Equations B.2 Application to Four Domains B.3 Heckmann Diagrams ‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-C---Basic-Interface-Circuits_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎ Appendix C Basic Interface Circuits C.1 Operational Amplifier C.2 Current-to-Voltage Converter C.3 Non-Inverting Amplifier C.4 Inverting Amplifier C.5 Comparator and Schmitttrigger C.5.1 Comparator C.5.2 Schmitttrigger C.6 Integrator and Differentiator C.6.1 Integrator C.6.2 Differentiator C.7 Filters