A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry

Description

A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry is a book of leading questions that begins with atomic orbitals and bonding. All critical topics are covered, including bonding, nomenclature, stereochemistry, conformations, acids and bases, oxidations, reductions, substitution, elimination, acyl addition, acyl substitution, enolate anion reactions, the Diels–Alder reaction and sigmatropic rearrangements, aromatic chemistry, spectroscopy, amino acids and proteins, and carbohydrates and nucleosides. All major reactions are covered. Each chapter includes end-of-chapter homework questions with the answer keys in an Appendix at the end of the book. This book is envisioned to be a supplementary guide to be used with virtually any available undergraduate organic chemistry textbook. This book allows for a "self-guided" approach that is useful as one studies for a coursework exam or as one reviews organic chemistry for postgraduate exams. Key Features: Allows a "self-guided tour" of organic chemistry Discusses all important areas and fundamental reactions of organic chemistry Classroom tested Useful as a study guide that will supplement most organic chemistry textbooks Assists one in study for coursework exams or allows one to review organic chemistry for postgraduate exams Includes 21 chapters of leading questions that covers all major topics and major reactions of organic chemistry Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Common Abbreviations Author Part A A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry 1 Orbitals and Bonding 1.1 Orbitals 1.1.1 Atomic Orbitals 1.1.2 Electron Configuration 1.1.3 Molecular Orbitals 1.2 Bonding 1.2.1 Ionic Bonding 1.2.2 Covalent Bonding 1.3 Hybridization 1.4 Resonance End of Chapter Problems 2 Structure of Molecules 2.1 Basic Structure of Organic Molecules 2.1.1 Fundamental Structures 2.1.2 Structures with Other Atoms Bonded to Carbon 2.2 The Vsepr Model and Molecular Geometry 2.3 Dipole Moment 2.4 Functional Groups 2.5 Formal Charge 2.6 Physical Properties End of Chapter Problems 3 Acids and Bases 3.1 Acids and Bases 3.2 Energetics 3.3 The Acidity Constant, Ka 3.4 Structural Features That Influence Acidity 3.5 Factors That Contribute to Making the Acid More Acidic End of Chapter Problems 4 Alkanes, Isomers, and Nomenclature 4.1 Definition and Basic Nomenclature 4.2 Structural Isomers 4.3 Iupac Nomenclature 4.4 Cyclic Alkanes End Of Chapter Problems 5 Conformations 5.1 Acyclic Conformations 5.2 Conformations of Cyclic Molecules End of Chapter Problems 6 Stereochemistry 6.1 Chirality 6.2 Specific Rotation 6.3 Sequence Rules 6.4 Diastereomers 6.5 Optical Resolution End of Chapter Problems 7 Alkenes and Alkynes: Structure, Nomenclature, and Reactions 7.1 Structure Of Alkenes 7.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes 7.3 Reactions of Alkenes 7.4 Reaction of Alkenes with Lewis Acid-Type Reagents 7.4.1 Hydroxylation 7.4.2 Epoxidation 7.4.3 Dihydroxylation 7.4.4 Halogenation 7.4.5 Hydroboration 7.5 Structure and Nomenclature Of Alkynes 7.6 Reactions of Alkynes End of Chapter Problems 8 Alkyl Halides and Substitution Reactions 8.1 Structure, Properties, and Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides 8.2 Second-Order Nucleophilic Substitution (Sn2) Reactions 8.3 Other Nucleophiles in Sn2 Reactions 8.4 First-Order Substitution (Sn1) Reactions 8.5 Competition Between SN2 vs. SN1 Reactions 8.6 Radical Halogenation of Alkanes End of Chapter Problems 9 Elimination Reactions 9.1 The E2 Reaction 9.2 The E1 Reaction 9.3 Preparation of Alkynes 9.4 Syn Elimination End of Chapter Problems 10 Organometallic Compounds 10.1 Organometallics 10.2 Organomagnesium Compounds 10.3 Organolithium Compounds 10.4 Basicity 10.5 Reaction with Epoxides 10.6 Other Metals End of Chapter Problems 11 Spectroscopy 11.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 11.2 Mass Spectrometry 11.3 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) 11.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) End of Chapter Problems 12 Aldehydes and Ketones. Acyl Addition Reactions 12.1 Structure and Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones 12.2 Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Weak Nucleophiles 12.3 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones. Strong Nucleophiles 12.4 The Wittig Reaction End of Chapter Problems Part B A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry 13 Oxidation Reactions 13.1 Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes 13.2 Oxidation of Alkenes: Epoxidation 13.3 Oxidative Cleavage: Ozonolysis 13.4 Oxidative Cleavage. Periodic Acid Cleavage of 1,2-Diols 13.5 Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones End of Chapter Problems 14 Reduction Reactions 14.1 Catalytic Hydrogenation 14.2 Dissolving Metal Reduction: Alkynes 14.3 Hydride Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 14.4 Catalytic Hydrogenation and Dissolving Metal Reductions. Aldehydes and Ketones End of Chapter Problems 15 Carboxylic Acids, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, and Acyl Substitution Reactions 15.1 Structure of Carboxylic Acids 15.2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 15.3 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 15.4 Preparation of Acid Derivatives 15.5 Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 15.6 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives 15.7 Dibasic Carboxylic Acids End of Chapter Problems 16 Benzene, Aromaticity, and Benzene Derivatives 16.1 Benzene and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 16.2 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 16.3 Synthesis Via Aromatic Substitution 16.4 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 16.5 Reduction of Benzene and Benzene Derivatives 16.6 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Heteroaromatic Compounds End of Chapter Problems 17 Enolate Anions and Condensation Reactions 17.1 Aldehydes, Ketones, Enols, and Enolate Anions 17.2 Enolate Alkylation 17.3 Condensation Reactions of Enolate Anions and Aldehydes or Ketones 17.4 Enolate Anions from Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives End of Chapter Problems 18 Conjugation and Reactions of Conjugated Compounds 18.1 Conjugated Molecules 18.2 Structure and Nomenclature of Conjugated Systems 18.3 Reactions of Conjugated Molecules 18.4 The Diels–Alder Reaction 18.5 [3+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions 18.6 Sigmatropic Rearrangements 18.7 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy End of Chapter Problems 19 Amines 19.1 Structure and Properties 19.2 Preparation of Amines 19.3 Reactions of Amines 19.4 Heterocyclic Amines End of Chapter Problems 20 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 20.1 Amino Acids 20.2 Synthesis of Amino Acids 20.3 Reactions of Amino Acids 20.4 Proteins End of Chapter Problems 21 Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids 21.1 Carbohydrates 21.2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 21.3 Synthesis of Carbohydrates 21.4 Reactions of Carbohydrates 21.5 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides End of Chapter Problems Appendix: Answers to End of Chapter Problems Index