Plasma Modification of Polyolefins: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications

Description

This book addresses plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces. It comprises 21 chapters divided into three major sections. The first section covers the different techniques used for plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces and the effects of various gases as a surrounding medium, while the second provides a detailed analysis of the physics and chemistry of plasma modification and discusses various innovative characterization techniques, as well as ageing of the modified surface. It focuses on the analysis of changes in polymers’ surface chemistry using various spectroscopic techniques, and of changes in their surface morphology after plasma treatment using optical microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, it provides detailed information on the characterization of modified polymer surfaces. The book’s third and last section covers a range of applications of plasma-modified polyolefin surfaces varying from the packaging industry to the biomedical field, and shares valuable insights on the lifecycle analysis of plasma modification and modified surfaces. Contents Plasma Modification on Polyolefin: Necessity and Significance 1 Polyolefins: An Overview 2 Classes of Polyolefins 2.1 Polyethylenes 2.2 Polypropylene (PP) 2.3 Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) 3 Properties of Polyolefins 4 Applications of Polyolefins 4.1 Use of Polyolefin in Medical Fields 4.2 Use of Polyolefin Fibres in Filtration 4.3 Use of Polyolefin in Transportation 4.4 Packaging Applications 5 Importance of Plasma Modification on Polyolefins 5.1 Plasma Modification: Basics and Categories 6 Characterization of Plasma Modified Surface 7 Conclusion References Different Techniques Used for Plasma Modification of Polyolefin Surfaces 1 Introduction 2 Plasma Definition and Classification 2.1 What is Plasma? 2.2 Plasma Classification 3 Plasma Source Configurations 3.1 Corona Discharge 3.2 RF Discharge 3.3 MW Discharge 3.4 DBD 3.5 Trends in Plasma Source Technology 4 Plasma Surface Modification Techniques 4.1 Plasma Etching 4.2 Plasma Treatment 4.3 Plasma Polymerization 5 Conclusion References Plasma Modified Polyolefine: Physical Changing and Applications 1 Introduction 2 Surface Modification Techniques 3 Plasma Technology 3.1 Fundamental Background 3.2 How to Apply Plasma 3.3 A Brief Review on Plasmas 3.4 Condition for Sustained Plasma 3.5 Why RF Plasma is Common? 4 Plasma Categories 5 Plasma-Pressure Classified 6 Laser-Assisted for Producing Plasma 7 Atmospheric Plasma Modification 7.1 Corona Discharges 7.2 Dielectric Barrier Discharges 7.3 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet 8 Application Types of Plasma Technology in Polymers 9 Introducing of Plasma Gas 9.1 Inert Gas Plasmas 9.2 Oxygen-Containing Plasma 9.3 Nitrogen-Containing Plasma 9.4 Fluorine-Containing Plasma 10 Surface Properties 10.1 Functional Groups 10.2 Roughness 10.3 Surface Energy 10.4 Wettability 10.5 Adhesion 11 Polyolefin 12 Polypropylene 12.1 Homopolymer 12.2 Copolymer 12.3 Polypropylene Applications 13 Polyethylene 13.1 Polyethylene Applications 14 Plasma Performance 14.1 Plasma Modification of PP 14.2 Plasma Modification of PE 14.3 Comparison Plasma-Forming Gas 15 Application of Plasma Modified-PP and PE 15.1 What is the Membrane? 15.2 Polymeric Membrane 15.3 Membrane’s Surface Property 15.4 Applications 16 Summery References Plasma Texturing of Polymers 1 Introduction 2 One-Step Top-Down Plasma Texturing 2.1 Control of the Texture Thanks to the Plasma Properties 2.2 Control of the Texture Thanks to the Polymer Properties 3 One-Step Bottom-Up Plasma Texturing 4 Plasma Texturing Combined with Other Methods 4.1 Plasma Texturing Combined with Laser Irradiation 4.2 Other Combined Routes of Texturing 5 Applications of Plasma-Texturing of Polymers 5.1 Application of Plasma-Texturing of Polymers for the Optic and Electronic Fields 5.2 Application of Plasma-Texturing of Polymers for the Sensor Field 5.3 Application of Plasma-Texturing of Polymers for the Biomedical Field 5.4 Application of Plasma-Texturing of Polymers for the Metal Adhesion 6 Conclusion References Plasma Modification of Polyolefin Blends and Composites 1 Introduction 2 Fibre Reinforced Polyolefin Blends and Composites 3 Interfacial Adhesion in Polyolefin Blend System 4 Plasma Modification in Polyolefin Blends 5 Plasma Modification in Polyolefin Composites 6 Applications of Plasma Modified Polyolefine Blends and Composites 7 Conclusion References Spectroscopic Analysis of Plasma Modified Polymer Surfaces 1 Introduction 2 Working Principles of Various Spectroscopic Techniques 2.1 FTIR 2.2 SIMS and NanoSIMS 2.3 XPS 2.4 NMR and Solid-State NMR 3 Surface and Interface Characterization of Plasma Treated Polyolefins with Different Spectroscopic Techniques 4 Conclusions References Comparison of the Effect of Excimer Laser Irradiation and Plasma Treatment on Polypropylene Membrane Surface 1 Introduction 2 Polypropylene Membrane 3 Surface Modification Strategies 3.1 Chemical 3.2 Biological 3.3 Physical 4 Radiation 4.1 Plasma and Plasma Modification Technique 4.2 Laser-Assisted Polypropylene Modification 5 Comparison of the Laser Treatment and Plasma Modification 6 Summary References Surface Modification and Hydrophobic Recovery (Aging) of Polyolefin Exposed to Plasma 1 Introduction 2 Surface Modification of Polyolefins Treated by Plasma 3 Hydrophobic Recovery (Aging) Effect 4 Conclusions References Enhanced Fluoropolymer Surface Adhesion by a Plasma Hybrid Process—Metal Plating Technology and Its Application to Millimeter-Wave Devices 1 Introduction 2 Applicability of PTFE/Plastics in Millimeter-Wave Devices 2.1 Plastic Properties: Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss Tangent, and Hydrophobicity 2.2 Small-Size/High-Performance Millimeter-Wave Band Antennas 2.3 Applicability to High-Frequency Coaxial Cables 2.4 Applicability to Radomes 3 Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Hybrid Surface Treatment Toward Metal Plating of PTFE 3.1 Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment and Plasma Graft Polymerization Treatment 3.2 Principles of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Graft Polymerization and Adhesion Improvement 3.3 Instrumentation Required for the Treatment 3.4 Effect of Gas Flow Rate on the Treatment 4 Surface Treatment Assessment and Technology for PTFE Metal Plating 4.1 Contact Angle Measurement 4.2 T-type Peeling Test Method and Results 4.3 Method of Copper Plating on PTFE and Results 4.4 Method of Nickel Plating on PTFE and Results 4.5 Microfabrication of Nickel Plating on PTFE 5 Plasma Hybrid Surface Treatment of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials 5.1 Adhesion of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials 5.2 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Plasma Surface Modification of Polymers for Biomedical Uses 1 Introduction-Concepts of Material and Plasma Processing 2 Polyolefins in Interaction with Biomedical Media 2.1 Polyethylene: Properties and Medical Applications 2.2 Polypropylene: Properties and Medical Applications 3 Plasma Technology Processing for Polyolefinic Surface Modification in Biomedical Uses 4 Conclusion References