The Representative Claim

Description

Representation is more than a matter of elections and parties. This book offers a radical new perspective on the subject. Representation, it argues, is all around us, a dynamic practise across societies rather than simply a fixed feature of government. At the heart of the argument is the straightforward but versatile notion of the representative claim. People claim to speak or stand for others in multiple, shifting, and surprising patterns. At the same time they offer images of their constituents and audiences as artists paint portraits. Who can speak for and about us in this volatile world of representations? Which representative claims can have democratic legitimacy? The Representative Claim is set to transform our core assumptions about what representation is and can be. At a time when political representation is widely believed to be in crisis, the book provides a timely and critical corrective to conventional wisdom on the present and potential future of representative democracy. Contents List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction Remainders and opportunities: recent theories of political representation THE JIGSAW AND THE ENCLOSURE:PITKIN'S PICTORIAL TABLEAUX RECENT INNOVATIONS IN THE THEORYOF REPRESENTATION CONCLUSION Mapping the representative claim THE BASIC FORM OF THE REPRESENTATIVE CLAIM UNDERLYING PERSPECTIVES: REPRESENTATIONAS PRESENCE AND AS EVENT THE ELEMENTS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE CLAIM THE MAKERS OF REPRESENTATIONS THE MAKER—SUBJECT—OBJECT RELATION AUDIENCE AND CONSTITUENCY CONCLUSION Variations and resources KEY LINES OF VARIATION OFREPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS Singular—multiple Particular—general Implicit—explicit Internal—external Formal—informal Unidirectionality—multidirectionality PERFORMANCE AND REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS REPRESENTATIVE ROLES AND RESOURCESFOR CLAIMS POLITICAL REPRESENTATIONS: ELECTORAL,AESTHETIC, AND CULTURAL MAKING REPRESENTATIONS: IDENTITYAND PARTIALITY Identity Partiality The ubiquity of representation CONCLUSION The elected and the unelected ELECTIVE REPRESENTATION:POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS Choice and consent Identification All-affectedness and unity Control and accountability NONELECTIVE REPRESENTATION? NONELECTIVE REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS "DEEPER ROOTS" REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS Deep group morality and ties of tradition Hypothetical consent Permanent interests "EXPERTISE AND SPECIAL CREDENTIALS"REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS Specialist expertise "WIDER INTERESTS AND NEW VOICES"REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS Surrogacy for wider interests The word from the street Mirroring Stakeholding Extraterritorial rules and laws Self-representation THE RECEPTION OF NONELECTIVEREPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS CONNECTION Does the claimant occupy a position in the lineof democratic delegation? Is the claim embedded in a larger democratic system? Is a representative claim made by an actor who is "locked into"a tight or dense network of organizational or other like ties? INDEPENDENCE Is the claim mounted independently of formalelection processes? Is the claim disconnected from a state apparatus? CONCLUSION Debates and interventions GREEN POLITICAL THEORY AND THE CHALLENGE TO REPRESENTATION THE SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN Representing — who, where, and how? POLITICAL PARTIES Ideal-type I — popular claims Ideal-type 2 — statal claims Ideal-type 3 — reflexive claims Taking stock CONCLUSION Representation, legitimacy, and democracy EXPANDING THE FIELD: SOCIETY, STATE,AND REPRESENTATION DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY AND REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS The appropriate constituency Acceptance acts Time, provisionality, and interpretation Circumstances and conditions of judgment Judging claims — a reflection REVISITING DEMOCRACY Breaking the direct-representative distinction Representation as the first-best option Representation as a systemic phenomenon Institutionalizing "complex representation" Citizen representation — and the open society? Notes CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 Bibliography Index