Crusading, Society, and Politics in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of King Peter I of Cyprus

Description

The King of Cyprus, Peter I of Lusignan (1359-1369), was one of the most fascinating figures in the history of the Latin East and the later crusades. He was involved in European power politics, his crusading activities brought him into conflict with the Turkish beyliks of Anatolia and the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt, and his rule was closely linked with broader developments in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as the decay of Byzantium, the East-West schism, and the beginning of the Ottoman expansion in the Balkans. His adventurous life constitutes a captivating case study of court life, feudal and chivalric ethos, and political culture in the fourteenth century. This volume investigates developments in the Eastern Mediterranean before and during the reign of Peter I from a comparative perspective. It consists of five parts, which treat the political, diplomatic, and ecological context of the crusading movement in the time between the fall of Acre (1291) and the sack of Alexandria (1365), Peter I's crusading policy and the Alexandrian crusade, Cypriot society and court life in the time of Peter I, the situation in Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, the second target of King Peter's crusading policy, and, finally, Byzantium, its encounter with the Turks, the schism of the Churches, and theological trends in the time of the Hesychast Controversy. Table of Contents Preface Alexander D. BeihammerAngel Nicolaou-Konnari The Life and Reign of Peter I of Lusignan (1329–69, crowned 1359). Chronology Angel Nicolaou-Konnari Introduction: The Sources and the Context Peter I of Lusignan (1329–69, 1359) in Historical Sources and Modern Popular Culture Angel Nicolaou–Konnari Appendix AThe Life and Reign of Peter I of Lusignan (1329–69, 1359) according to Leontios Makhairas and William of Machaut: A Thematic Comparison Angel Nicolaou–Konnari Appendix B(Tentative) Psychiatric Assessment of Peter I of Lusignan (1329-69) Kakia Nikolaou The Sack of Alexandria (1365), the Crusading Movement, and the Eastern Mediterranean in the First Half of the Fourteenth Century Alexander D. Beihammer Part I: From Acre to Alexandria – The Politics and Ecology of Crusading Cyprus and the Crusades between the Fall of Acre and the Reign of Peter I Mike Carr Crete, 1357–67: A Stronghold for Venetian Diplomacy and Crusading in the Eastern Mediterranean Charalambos Gasparis A Climate for Crusading? Environmental Factors in the History of the Eastern Mediterranean during the Life and Reign of Peter I of Cyprus (1329–1369)* Johannes Preiser-Kapeller Angevin and Lusignan Visual Claims to the Crown of Jerusalem: Parallel Lives? Michalis Olympios Part II: Peter I’s Alexandrian Crusade (1365) – Event and Context The Papacy and King Peter I of Cyprus Peter Edbury and Chris Schabel Appendix APope Innocent VI’s Letters Concerning the Succession of King Peter I of Cyprus Chris Schabel Appendix BPope Urban V’s Letters Concerning King Peter I of Cyprus and the Crusade European Military Development and the Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Peter I of Cyprus (1359–69) John France Peter I of Lusignan’s Crusade and the Reaction of the Mamluk Sultanate Clément Onimus ‘Le roy de Chippre de renon’: The Depiction of Peter I of Lusignan in French Literature and Historiography Angel Nicolaou-Konnari Part III: A Crusader Kingdom – Cypriot Society before and after Peter I Stability or Chaos? Power Elites in Lusignan Cyprus between the 1360s and 1390s* Miriam Rachel Salzmann Le roi Pierre 1er et son conseil Gilles Grivaud The Suriani in Lusignan Cyprus until Peter I (1369) Terminology, Legal Status, and the Curia Surianorum Johannes Pahlitzsch Part IV: The Rise of a New Power – Muslim-Turkish Anatolia The Long Prose ‘Epic’ of Sarı Saltuk Dede (fl. c. 1260 to 1298) as a Source for Understanding the Style and Context of Crusading Warfare in the Late Thirteenth-Century Near and Middle East* Rhoads Murphey ‘Wolves and Sheep Drank and Grazed Together’ A Case Study on the Formation of the Anatolian Beyliks Romain Thurin Italian Vernaculars as Diplomatic Languages in the Medieval Levant Daniele Baglioni Part V: The Schismatic Ally – Byzantium between Islam and Unionism Crusade, Civil Strife, and Byzantine-Turkish Coalitions in the Time of Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos (1341–54) Alexander D. Beihammer John V Palaiologos in Rome Rethinking an Imperial Visit and ‘Conversion’ Sebastian Kolditz Anti-Palamism, Unionism, and the ‘Crisis of Faith’ of the Fourteenth Century* Charles C. Yost Cyprus in the Late Byzantine Theological Landscape, with Special Reference to the Palamite Controversy* Alexis Torrance List of Figures Index