Citizenship

Description

The idea of citizenship is widely used in daily life. ‘Citizenship tests’ are used to determine who can inhabit a country; ‘citizen charters’ have been used to prescribe levels of service provision; ‘citizens’ juries’ are used in planning or policy enquiries; ‘citizenship’ lessons are taught in schools; youth organisations attempt often aim to instil ‘good’ citizenship; ‘active citizens’ are encouraged to contribute voluntary effort to their local communities and campaigners may use ‘citizens’ rights’ to achieve their goals. What is meant by citizenship is never static and the subject of debate by academics, politicians and activists. These ideas are manifest and contested at a range of different scales. This book therefore argues geography is crucial to understanding citizenship. The text is organised around a number of spatial themes to examine how spatialities of citizenship are played out at a range of scales. Ideas about locality, boundaries, mobility, networks, rurality and globalisation are used to reveal the importance of space and place in the constitution, contestation and performance of citizenship. In doing so, the book reveals how different ideas of citizenship can include or exclude people from society and space. Consideration is given to ways in which different groups have sought to empower themselves through various actions associated with and beyond conventional notions of citizenship. Written in an accessible way with detailed case studies to illustrate conceptual ideas and approaches, this book offers social scientists new spatial perspectives on citizenship while also bridging together strands of social, cultural and political geography in ways that deepen understandings of people and place. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements 1. Why geography and citizenship? What is Citizenship? The Geographies of Citizenship Bounded spaces Mobility Locality Spatial networks Everyday spaces Spatial Connections Further Reading Note 2. Citizenship and boundaries Introduction From City-State to Nation-State T. H. Marshall, Liberal Citizenship and the Nation-State Critiques of Marshall Beyond Western Boundaries Citizenship Beyond the State Conclusions: New Spaces of Citizenship? Further Reading 3. Citizenship and mobility Introduction Citizenship and International Mobility Citizenship, immigration and identity Transnational Citizenship Mobile Lifestyles Immobility and Citizenship Citizenship, Security and Mobility Answers to Australian citizenship test Further Reading Note 4. Citizenship and locality Introduction Active Citizenship Citizens of the Shadow State Citizenship and Community Critiques Further Reading 5. Citizenship, networks and activism From Active to Activist Citizens From Tactical Protest to Transnational Citizenship Advocacy Networks Transnational Coalitions: Ethical Citizenship Transnational Social Movements Critiques of Transnational Citizenship Conclusions Further Reading Note 6. Everyday citizenship Introduction Constructing Everyday Citizenship Institutional geographies Citizenship and policy: the case of education Landscape The body Daily Performances Conclusions Further Reading Note 7. Citizenship and exclusion Introduction Protecting Rights De Jure and De Facto Exclusion: The Case of Indigenous Australians De jure exclusion Second-class citizens De facto exclusion The Northern Territory National Emergency Response (NTNER) Gender Sexuality Conclusions Further Reading 8. Citizenship, rurality and environment Introduction Rural Rurality and rural change Rurality and duties Rurality and rights Landscapes Rurality to nature Environmental Citizenship Conclusions Further Reading 9. W(h)ither citizenship? The Value of Geography to Citizenship A Place for Citizenship in Geography Citizen geographers Further Reading Bibliography Index