Liver imagaing MRI with CT correlation.
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The first single source work to deal with the two primary radiologic modalities in diagnosing and treating benign and malignant diseases of the liver, presented with clearly laid out MRI and CT correlations. Liver imaging: MRI with CT correlation......Page 1 Contents......Page 4 Richar d C. Semelka......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 Functional anatomy......Page 8 The portal veins......Page 14 The hepatic v e ins......Page 16 References......Page 20 MR imaging techniques......Page 22 Gradient echo sequences......Page 27 Out-of-phase gradient echo sequences......Page 28 M a gnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient echo (MP-RAGE) sequen......Page 29 Echo-train spin-echo sequences......Page 33 F a t-suppressed (FS) echo-train spin-echo sequences......Page 37 Hepatic arterial dominant phase......Page 40 Early h e p a t i c v e n o u s p h a s e......Page 46 Interstitial phase......Page 50 H epatocyte phase......Page 51 Classification o f G BCAs......Page 54 I r o n-based contrast agents......Page 56 M a n ganese-based contrast a gents......Page 57 P a rallel MR imaging......Page 62 Body MR imaging a t 3 T : general considerations compared t o 1.5 T......Page 63 CT imaging techniques......Page 65 References......Page 68 Allergy-like acute adverse r eactions......Page 70 Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN)......Page 71 N ephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)......Page 72 Chronic t o x i c i t y......Page 75 Medical radiation and cancer......Page 76 • On MRI:......Page 80 • On MRI:......Page 81 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 83 • D i ff e r e n t ial d iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 84 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 86 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 87 • On CT:......Page 88 Neoplastic cystic lesions......Page 89 • On CT:......Page 90 • On MRI:......Page 92 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 94 • On MRI:......Page 95 • MRI findings:......Page 98 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 99 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis a n d P earls:......Page 103 References......Page 106 • U nenhanced MRI fi ndings:......Page 108 3 F a s t :......Page 113 • A typical o r uncommon a p pearances o f hemangioma......Page 114 • D i ff e r e n t ial d iagnosis o f hemangioma:......Page 117 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)......Page 120 • On CT:......Page 124 • D i ff e r e n t ial d iagnosis.......Page 125 • On CT:......Page 128 ° With c ontrast:......Page 129 Liver adenomatosis......Page 130 Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor)......Page 135 • CT:......Page 139 • MRI:......Page 141 References......Page 142 • Enhancement o f metastases o n CT a nd MRI......Page 144 1 R i n g e n h a n c e m e n t :......Page 146 II I sovascular:......Page 147 • M etastases from colon cancer:......Page 150 • M etastases from b r east cancer:......Page 151 • M etastases from melanoma:......Page 155 Differential diagnosis......Page 162 References......Page 167 • Solitary a n d M ultifocal H CCs......Page 168 2 I sovascular:......Page 175 3 H y p o v a s c u l a r :......Page 177 • Diffuse H CCs......Page 180 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis......Page 182 • Fibrolamellar H CC......Page 185 References......Page 186 • On MRI a nd CT:......Page 188 Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE)......Page 189 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis......Page 191 • Imaging F eatures......Page 192 Infantile hemangioendothelioma......Page 193 Mesenchymal hamartoma......Page 196 • Histopatholog y :......Page 197 References......Page 198 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis......Page 200 • P e riductal infiltrating cholangiocarcinoma......Page 204 • Intraductal polypoid cholangiocarcinoma......Page 206 ° On MRI:......Page 208 • A m e b ic A b scesses......Page 209 ° On CT:......Page 210 ° Completely T reated Lesions – Chronic H ealed Lesions......Page 211 Hydatid disease......Page 212 • Hydatid Cyst......Page 214 • On MRI:......Page 217 T uberculosis......Page 218 Acute viral hepatitis......Page 219 Bacterial acute cholangitis......Page 220 Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis......Page 222 HIV-related cholangitis......Page 223 References......Page 224 • Classification o f Cirrhosis based o n N odule S ize:......Page 226 • General M o rphologic f eatures o f Chronic H epatitis a nd Cirrhosi......Page 227 ° On MRI:......Page 228 • A cute o n Chronic H epatitis......Page 231 ° On MRI:......Page 236 ° H i g h g r a d e DN w i t h “ a n o d u l e w i t h i n a n o d u l e ” a......Page 238 References......Page 246 • On MRI:......Page 248 • Diffuse F a t Deposition......Page 249 • Focal Fat Deposition......Page 250 • Multifo c al Fat Deposition......Page 253 • Primary H emochromatosis......Page 254 • On MRI :......Page 256 References......Page 261 • MR findings o f PSC:......Page 262 • D i ff e r e n t ial D iagnosis......Page 264 Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)......Page 266 Sarcoidosis......Page 267 Wilson’s Disease......Page 268 Radiation injury......Page 270 References......Page 273 (B) T umor thrombus.......Page 274 1 D irect s igns :......Page 279 Hepatic veno-occlusive disease......Page 284 • Chronic c hanges......Page 285 Hepatic arterial thrombosis/hepatic ischemia – infarction......Page 287 • Imaging F eatures on CT and MRI:......Page 289 References......Page 291 Hepatic transplantation......Page 292 Radiation therapy......Page 296 T ranscatheter arterial chemoembolization......Page 297 Ablative therapies......Page 301 References......Page 306 3 S ubcapsular hematoma:......Page 308 References......Page 310 Index......Page 312
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