COVID-19 Pandemic. Lessons from the Frontline

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Front Cover COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from the Frontline Copyright Dedication Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: The sudden appearance of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction The ancestors: Coronavirus and humans Emergence of SARS-2 CoV Genetic studies: Looking for the origin Primary reservoirs and hosts of SARS-CoV-2: A market full of wildlife Human-to-human transmission Virus transmissibility and R0 estimations Controversies about transmission People without symptoms Children and transmission Early dissemination-The first outbreaks China Asia Europe Iran America Transmission in cruises From outbreak(s) to pandemic Acknowledgments References Chapter 2: COVID-19 disaster preparedness Community Health care Stuff Staff Space How Provider and family Other disaster care during COVID-19-Experiences from the front line References Chapter 3: My experience with the novel coronavirus: As doctor and patient Chapter 4: COVID-19: A family's perspective Restricted visitation policies Communicating with the family End-of-life event Conclusion References Chapter 5: COVID-19: A health-care workers perspective Introduction Legal and ethical dilemmas Resource scarcity Managing the workforce Am I protected? PPE availability Protecting HCWs at work and home Mental and psychological well-being of HCWs What if I get sick? How to treat the unknown? Commitment of the HCW on education of the trainees Physicians as innovators and researchers The influence (or ``mis-influence´´) of social media Divergent views on health policy Conclusion References Chapter 6: Allocating scarce medical resources: Inequity in the face of crisis (in pursuit of PPE) What was happening in hospitals? Chapter 7: COVID-19 and risk exposure of the front line: Heroes or martyrs? Chapter 8: COVID-19 and social media Introduction The digital transformation of the media. A compromised quality? Paywalls Social media and hoaxes The value of true information Tools against false information Policies and regulations Scientific sources to verify information The digital and technological platforms and the power of the networks The politicians influence How to control the media and information References Chapter 9: COVID-19 and the role of medical professional societies Introduction Medical professional organization types Member benefits SARS-CoV-2 and medical professional organizations Conclusion References Chapter 10: Novel treatments and trials in COVID-19 Therapeutic approaches Antivirals RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors Protease inhibitors Antimalarials Antibiotics Convalescent plasma and immunoglobulins Antiinflammatories Corticosteroids Cytokine and complement blockade Immunomodulatory therapies Nonpharmacological interventions Timing of interventions Trial design Repurposing existing medication Compassionate use and observational registry-based studies Randomized controlled trials Complex innovative design Regulation of clinical trials Core outcomes Publication and preprints Ethics of empiric therapy outside clinical trials References Chapter 11: COVID-19: Lessons from the frontline Background Introduction The national response to COVID-19, a national challenge National oversight committee Assessment of the readiness of the health system National COVID-19 surveillance system COVID-19 epidemiology Laboratory services Community empowerment and mitigation measures Medical equipment and supplies for patient care Infection prevention and control Clinical guidelines Risk communication plan Conclusion Chapter 12: Lockdown as a public health measure Advantages Challenges Economic effects Mental and psychological effects Social inequities Future References Chapter 13: Politics and the pandemic References Chapter 14: The effects of the pandemic on oil services and shipping industry Introduction The oil industry and shipping The effects of COVID-19 on oil services, oil logistics, and shipping industries Economic impact of the lockdown on oil services, oil logistics, and shipping industry The effect of the oil glut on the world The future Disclaimer References Chapter 15: Millennials and COVID-19 Personal experience, conversations with a post-COVID-19 patient, and some questions to think about Millennials and the COVID-19 pandemic Perspective from an avid trainee Chapter 16: COVID-19: Data collection and transparency among countries Introduction Lessons learned about COVID-19 data collection Lessons learned about COVID-19 data transparency What could be implemented to improve data collection for COVID-19 What could be implemented to improve data transparency for COVID-19 Conclusion References Chapter 17: Brazilian battle against COVID-19 When and how did the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic begin in Brazil? Health policies to combat the COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Brazil Resources and outcomes: How to solve this equation Opportunities for research Lessons for the future References Chapter 18: The disproportionate burden of COVID-19 in Africa Introduction COVID-19: Myths and fictions Evolution of COVID-19 Epidemiology and surveillance Political governance and COVID-19 Advances in management of COVID-19 Research and treatment prospects Challenges Conclusions References Chapter 19: How the Middle East is facing COVID-19 Introduction Outbreak and management of the health crisis Challenges to health systems and health sector responses Statistics across the region Governments strategic responses Patient characteristics The typical course of the disease Clinical challenges Role of infectious disease consultants Extracorporeal organ support Cardiac arrests Standardization of care across critical supply areas Approaches to economic use of your time within the ICU Minimizing exposure to workers Education Efficient bed management Communicating with families Maintaining ICU surge capacity Psychological burdens Conclusions References Chapter 20: COVID-19 pandemic in India Other measures Pitfalls of our approach Future plan Conclusion References Chapter 21: Life after COVID-19: Future directions? Introduction Earlier pandemics Lessons learnt from previous pandemics Nonpharmaceutical interventions Quarantine Large gatherings Lockdown Hygiene Face masks Powered air purifying respirators Personal protective equipment Air handling units with negative pressure Sequela from COVID-19 Economic impact Climate change and pandemics Medications in a pandemic Vaccines Planning for future pandemics Conclusion References Index