Smart Plant Factory: The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms

Description

This book describes the concept, characteristics, methodology, design, management, business, recent advances and future technologies of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) and indoor vertical farms. The third wave of PFAL business started in around 2010 in Japan and Taiwan, and in USA and Europe it began in about 2013 after the rapid advances in LED technology. The book discusses the basic and advanced developments in recent PFALs and future smart PFALs that emerged in 2016. There is an emerging interest around the globe in smart PFAL R&D and business, which are expected to play an important role in urban agriculture in the coming decades. It is also expected that they will contribute to solving the trilemma of food, environment and natural resources with increasing urban populations and decreasing agricultural populations and arable land area. Current obstacles to successful PFAL R&D and business are: 1) no well-accepted concepts and methodology for PFAL design and management, 2) lack of understanding of the environmental effects on plant growth and development and hydroponics among engineers; 3) lack of understanding of the technical and engineering aspects of PFAL among horticulturists; 4) lack of knowledge of the technical challenges and opportunities in future PFAL businesses among business professionals, policy makers, and investors and 5) lack of a suitable textbook on the recent advances in PFAL technologies and business for graduate students and young researchers. This book covers all the aspects of successful smart PFAL R & D and business. Front Matter ....Pages i-ix Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Current Status of Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) and Smart PFALs (Toyoki Kozai)....Pages 3-13 Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs): Benefits, Problems, and Challenges (Toyoki Kozai)....Pages 15-29 Protocols, Issues and Potential Improvements of Current Cultivation Systems (Na Lu, Shigeharu Shimamura)....Pages 31-49 Design and Control of Smart Plant Factory (Yoshihiro Nakabo)....Pages 51-55 Designing a Cultivation System Module (CSM) Considering the Cost Performance: A Step Toward Smart PFALs (Toyoki Kozai)....Pages 57-80 Front Matter ....Pages 81-81 Business Planning on Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability (Kaz Uraisami)....Pages 83-118 Renewable Energy Makes Plant Factory “Smart” (Kaz Uraisami)....Pages 119-123 Total Indoor Farming Concepts for Large-Scale Production (Marc Kreuger, Lianne Meeuws, Gertjan Meeuws)....Pages 125-135 SAIBAIX: Production Process Management System (Shunsuke Sakaguchi)....Pages 137-151 Air Distribution and Its Uniformity (Ying Zhang, Murat Kacira)....Pages 153-166 Front Matter ....Pages 167-167 Reconsidering the Fundamental Characteristics of Photosynthesis and LEDs (Toyoki Kozai, Masayuki Nozue)....Pages 169-181 Reconsidering the Terminology and Units for Light and Nutrient Solution (Toyoki Kozai, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Shunsuke Sakaguchi)....Pages 183-193 Front Matter ....Pages 195-195 Usefulness of Broad-Spectrum White LEDs to Envision Future Plant Factory (Hatsumi Nozue, Masao Gomi)....Pages 197-210 LED Lighting Technique to Control Plant Growth and Morphology (Tomohiro Jishi)....Pages 211-222 The Quality and Quality Shifting of the Night Interruption Light Affect the Morphogenesis and Flowering in Floricultural Plants (Yoo Gyeong Park, Byoung Ryong Jeong)....Pages 223-238 Front Matter ....Pages 239-239 Mechanization of Agriculture Considering Its Business Model (Tamio Tanikawa)....Pages 241-244 Quantifying the Environmental and Energy Benefits of Food Growth in the Urban Environment (Rebecca Ward, Melanie Jans-Singh, Ruchi Choudhary)....Pages 245-287 Applications for Breeding and High-Wire Tomato Production in Plant Factory (Marc Kreuger, Lianne Meeuws, Gertjan Meeuws)....Pages 289-299 Molecular Breeding for Plant Factory: Strategies and Technology (Richalynn Leong, Daisuke Urano)....Pages 301-323 Production of Value-Added Plants (Shoko Hikosaka)....Pages 325-351 Chemical Inquiry into Herbal Medicines and Food Additives (Natsuko Kagawa)....Pages 353-366 Detection and Utilization of Biological Rhythms in Plant Factories (Hirokazu Fukuda, Yusuke Tanigaki, Shogo Moriyuki)....Pages 367-384 Automated Characterization of Plant Growth and Flowering Dynamics Using RGB Images (Wei Guo)....Pages 385-393 Toward Nutrient Solution Composition Control in Hydroponic System (Toyoki Kozai, Satoru Tsukagoshi, Shunsuke Sakaguchi)....Pages 395-403 Phenotyping- and AI-Based Environmental Control and Breeding for PFAL (Eri Hayashi, Toyoki Kozai)....Pages 405-411 Plant Cohort Research and Its Application (Toyoki Kozai, Na Lu, Rikuo Hasegawa, Osamu Nunomura, Tomomi Nozaki, Yumiko Amagai et al.)....Pages 413-431 Concluding Remarks (Toyoki Kozai)....Pages 433-441 Back Matter ....Pages 443-456