Territorial Crisis Management: From Emergency to Reconstruction

Description

Our societies have become very crisis-prone. This book explores crises and the methods of anticipation, management and reconstruction, and considers a risk-crisis-territorial development continuum. The aim is to better understand a widely used concept and clarify the methods of action in the field of crisis management. The different forms of learning proposed to better face future crises are also questioned. This book invites us to analyze the resources available to support crisis management and reconstruction, and consider the unequal access to these resources in different territories in order to design future territorial strategies. This often results in a form of territorial inertia after the crises. However, some innovate, imagine renewed territories, prepare for reconstruction, or even recompose territories now in order to make them more resilient. The crisis can then be the driving force or the accelerator of these changes and contribute to the emergence of new practices, or even new urban and territorial utopias. Cover Half-Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword Introduction 1. Territorial Crisis, Elements of Definition 1.1. Crisis and catastrophe 1.2. Disasters of natural origin: a circumscribed crisis territory 1.3. Localized crises of natural origin aggravated or provoked by human activities 1.4. Industrial, technological and nuclear disasters and crises: localized crises and spatial consequences 1.5. More diffuse environmental, food and health crises on a regional or continental scale 1.6. “Reticular” crises 1.7. The “mega-crises” on a global scale, the domino effects 1.8. Conclusion 2. General Principles of Crisis Management 2.1. Nature of the crisis and forms of crisis management 2.1.1. The nature of the crisis: cycle, trajectory or “black swan”? 2.1.2. The nature of the crisis: scale of the crisis versus scale of its 2.2. Preparing for the crisis: the prevention/preparation link 2.2.1. Preparation: the imperative link between prevention and crisis management 2.2.2. Monitoring: choosing the right indicators 2.2.3. From monitoring to forecasting 2.2.4. Forecasting tools 2.3. Information in times of crisis 2.3.1. Upstream information in times of crisis: monitoring tools 2.3.2. Alert 2.3.3. Infodemia, misinformation and controversy 2.4. Crisis management: an integrated approach 2.4.1. Conditions for a shared vision 2.4.2. Integration of populations 2.4.3. The importance of logistics 2.4.4. Population management: the issue of evacuation 2.5. Conclusion 3. Learning from Crisis Management 3.1. Feedback: objectives, contents, actors 3.1.1. Objectives of feedback 3.1.2. Feedback times: feedback and territories 3.1.3. Feedback methods and contents 3.1.4. Feedback: a tool for sharing and disseminating learning 3.1.5. Conclusions on feedback 3.2. Crisis management exercises and simulation 3.2.1. Objectives and prerequisites 3.2.2. Organizing a crisis management exercise: methodology 3.2.3. Types of exercise 3.2.4. Communication and media awareness 3.2.5. Stress management 3.2.6. A community-wide exercise 3.3. Conclusion 4. Crisis Management Resources 4.1. The reason for a shift from risk to crisis 4.1.1. Why be interested in crises? 4.1.2. From stakes to resources: conceptual framework 4.2. How to identify crisis management resources? 4.2.1. Different types of crisis management resources 4.2.2. Methodological aspects 4.3. The benefits of a resource-based approach 4.3.1. Understanding the vulnerability of the territory 4.3.2. An operational interest 4.4. Conclusion: thinking about a “risk–crisis–development” continuum 5. Post-disaster Recovery: Challenges and Resources 5.1. The challenge of coordinating a multitude of actors with inadequate regulatory frameworks 5.1.1. The actors and temporalities of the reconstruction process 5.1.2. Legislative and regulatory frameworks for recovery 5.2. Financial resources for reconstruction and the weight of solidarity in individual recovery 5.2.1. Government resources 5.2.2. International aid directed mainly to developing countries 5.2.3. The influence of solidarity mechanisms on the recovery of individuals and communities 5.3. Land resources and territorial restructuring 5.3.1. Relocation of areas deemed too dangerous for population settlement 5.3.2. On-site reconstruction, in the continuity of pre-existing structures 5.3.3. Post-disaster as a catalyst for inequality? 5.4. Conclusion 6. Crises and Territories: Legacies, Inertia and Dynamics 6.1. Crises and territories: always complex articulations, in constant renewal 6.1.1. Crises and territories: scales, actors and contexts 6.1.2. Obstacles linked to conflicts and the interplay of actors in crisis management 6.1.3. Crises and urban territories: rupture, bifurcation, sustainability, resilience? 6.2. Inertia of representations 6.2.1. Inertia of representations on the role of the population and its vulnerabilities 6.2.2. Inertia of the representations of the crisis itself 6.2.3. Territorial inertia feeds crises: a territorialization of data unsuited to management? 6.3. Crises feed territorial inertia 6.3.1. When crises and emergency become everyday life: the example of Haiti 6.3.2. Instrumentalization and resilience: the root causes of crises are still present 7. Founding Crisis of Territorial Renewal 7.1. Managing a risk territory on a global scale 7.1.1. The age of risk management 7.1.2. SYMADREM 7.1.3. The Rhône Plan, a global vision 7.1.4. Crisis management 7.1.5. Evolution of the legislation, the future of SYMADREM 7.2. Reducing risk through protection 7.2.1. Dikes and diking systems, regulation, management 7.2.2. The equipment of rivers with polders 7.2.3. Soft management of coastal risk areas 7.3. Adapting the habitat 7.3.1. Responses to natural hazards 7.3.2. Housing and technological risks 7.3.3. Adapting buildings to the effects of climate change 7.4. Adapting the neighborhood and the city 7.4.1. Flood-safe neighborhoods 7.4.2. Urban technical networks and resilient critical infrastructures 7.4.3. Responses to climate risks – the urban heat island, “green” neighborhoods 7.4.4. Eco-neighborhoods, resilient neighborhoods? 7.4.5. From the eco-neighborhood to the “smart city” 7.5. Strategic retreat 7.6. Conclusion References List of Authors Index EULA