Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management, Volume III: Advanced Applications and Case Studies

Description

Volume III of Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management discusses water and watershed issues such as water quality, evapotranspiration, water resource management, and ecological services. Featured is a two-stage ditch and river geomorphology case study section with related water geospatial applications, including historical image analyses of floodplains and channels and resulting change in river geomorphology through erosion and transport and influence on dependent vegetation communities. Captures advanced Geospatial Technologies (GT) and their applications to address a wide spectrum of water issues Provides real-world two-stage ditch and river geomorphology case studies using river, stream and channel measures and change models, and bankfull discharge modeling Global in coverage with applications demonstrated by more than 170 experts in water sciences and two-stage ditch and river geomorphology This handbook is a wide-ranging and contemporary reference of advanced geospatial techniques used in numerous practical applications at the local and regional scale and is an in-depth resource for professionals and the water research community worldwide. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Editors Contributors 1. Introduction to Volume III Introduction to the Water Geospatial Handbook History Traditional Approaches Augmented Building Spatial Datasets Spatial Positioning Spectral Resolution Scaling and Modeling Deterministic Modeling Verification Applications 2. Introduction to Volume III and Two-Stage Ditch and River Geomorphology Case Study Volume III, Chapter 3, History of Ditches and Drainage Volume III, Chapter 4, Active Floodplain Characteristics and Discharges Volume III, Chapter 5, Design Tools for Two-Stage Ditches Volume III, Chapter 6, Ditches and Stability over Time Volume III, Chapter 7, Remote Measures of River Change Volume III, Chapter 8, Fluvial Geomorphology and River Widening Volume III, Chapter 9, Prioritizing Remediation of Lakes Volume III, Chapter 10, Ecological Services, Water, and Climate Volume III, Chapter 11, Ecological Services and Water Quality Volume III, Chapter 12, Capturing Soil Moisture Variations 3. Water Resources and Agricultural Ditch Management Background Agricultural Drainage in Europe and Early America American Settlement of the Midwest Technological Advances and Legislation Affecting Agricultural Drainage Systems in the 20th Century Scientific and Cultural Shifts in the View of Stream Systems and Land Drainage Stream and River Morphology Research Effects of Channelization on Hydrology and Hydraulics Stream Ecology and Water Quality Research Effects of Channelization on Stream Biota and Water Quality Federal Legislation and the Culture of Agricultural Drainage Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Naturalization of Drainage Ditches Persistent Nutrient Enrichment Becomes a National Priority Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches to Improve Water Quality Alternative Agricultural Drainage Ditch Approaches and Design Geomorphology and Fluvial Processes in Agricultural Drainage Ditches Aquatic Diversity and Water Quality in Agricultural Drainage Ditches Managing Floodplains in Agricultural Ditches: The Two-Stage Ditch Approach Conclusions References 4. Active Floodplain Requirements for Sustaining Two-Stage Channel Geometry Introduction Processes in Channel Systems Dynamic Equilibrium Channel-Forming Discharges Active Floodplain Requirements Channel Hydraulics and Characteristics Active Floodplain Minimum Size Requirements Discussion Acknowledgments References 5. Enhanced Channel Design v2.6: A Design Tool for Two-Stage Ditches and Self-Forming Channels Introduction Enhanced Channel Design v2.6 Software Literature for Further Background Reading 6. Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Constructed Two-Stage Ditches Introduction Methods Study Site Description Data Collection Determinations of Geomorphic Change Regional Hydraulic Geometry Relationships Results Geomorphic Change in the Inset Channel Geomorphic Change below the Lower Datum and on the Benches Geomorphic Changes below the Upper Datum and in the Banks Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 7. Air-Photo-Based Change in Channel Width Sedimentation in the Minnesota River Basin Introduction Identifying and Measuring Bankfull Width Mechanisms of Channel Width Change Regional Setting Methods Measurements of Channel Width Hydraulic Geometry/Channel Cross-Sectional Area Sediment Size Results Width Change Measurements Change in Hydraulic Geometry Cross-Sectional Area Estimates Size Distribution Data Bankfull Volume Estimates Discussion Temporal Change in Hydraulic Geometry Basin-Wide Implications Significance of Widening-Related Sediment for Lower Minnesota River Other Geomorphic Adjustments Management Implications Conclusions Minnesota River over the Past Several Decades Acknowledgments References 8. Hydrologic Alteration Drives Channel Widening and Alters Sandbar Vegetation Dynamics on a Large, Alluvial River in Minnesota, USA Introduction Research Site Location and History Hydrologic and Geomorphic Change on the Lower Minnesota River Research Questions Methods Historic Aerial Photo and GIS Investigations Field Data Collection of Stream Bank Erosion, Sediment and Nutrient Properties, and Floodplain Deposition Calculations of Change to Shear Stress in the Lower Minnesota River Streamflow Trends Ecohydrological Investigations of Sandbar Vegetation Results and Discussion Field Study of Streambank Properties and Erosion Rates Rates of Bank Retreat in the Minnesota River Basin Since 1991 Channel Change in the Lower Minnesota River 1938–2009 Calculations of Changes to Bankfull Shear Stress Depositional Rates Riparian Vegetation and Hydrology Interactions Effect on Channel Evolution Management Implications Conclusions Acknowledgments References 9. A Comparison of Methods for Prioritizing Lakes in Minnesota Introduction Material and Methods Study Lakes and Environmental Data Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index Values-Based Model Prioritization Benefit: Cost Ratio Analysis Lake Biological Community Prioritization Comparison of Prioritizations Results Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index Values-Based Model Prioritization Benefit: Cost Ratio Prioritization Comparison of Prioritizations Lake Conservation Case History Discussion Acknowledgments References 10. Water Yield Ecosystem Services Assessment in Periyar Tiger Reserve Introduction Study Area Materials and Methodology Data Preparation Average Annual Reference Evapotranspiration Plant Available Water Content Soil Depth Land Use Land Cover Precipitation Watersheds and Sub-Watersheds Biophysical Table Seasonality Factor (Z) Result Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 11. Water Quality Parameters as Related to Small Watershed Land Cover Introduction Materials and Methods Water Sample Collection and Land Use Survey Kutukchari Kichingmontala Ghilachari Water Sample Preservation and Analyses Results Land Use and Creek Water Quality Land Use and Seepage Water Quality Discussion Effect of Land Use/Land Cover of Water Quality Parameters Correlation of Spatial Variation, Slope, and Aspect of the Catchments on Water Quality Parameters Water Quality Parameters and Plantation Watershed Water Quality Parameters and Shifting Cultivation Watershed Water Quality Parameter in Plantation to Shifting Cultivation Watershed Limitation of Micro-catchment Approach in Land Use-Water Quality Study Conclusions Acknowledgments References 12. Soil Moisture Estimation Using a SAR Water Cloud Model for an Improved Anchor Pixel Selection Process in SEBAL Introduction Study Area and Datasets Ground Data Satellite Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing Water Cloud Model Inversion of Soil Moisture Content Correction Factor Applied to Estimate the Moisture Content in WCM Anchor Pixel Selection Method Results and Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index