Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation

Description

This book is designed as an undergraduate text for water and environmental engineering courses and as preliminary reading for postgraduate courses in water and environmental engineering- including introductory coverage of irrigation and drainage, water resources, hydrology, hydraulic structures, and more. The text and exercises have been classroom tested by undergraduate water and environmental engineering students and are augmented by material prepared for extramural short courses. It covers basic concepts of agricultural irrigation and drainage, including planning and design, surface intakes, economics, environmental impacts wetlands, and legal issues. Features: Numerous illustrations throughout to clarify the concepts presented Examines and compares the advantages and disadvantages of several methods of irrigation practice Explains the integral components including pumps, filters, piping, valves, and more Considers fertilizer application and nutrient management This comprehensive and well-illustrated book will be of great interest to students, professionals, and researchers involved with all aspects of water engineering, hydrology, and irrigation. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Author Acknowledgments 1. Hydraulic engineering Reading for comprehension Fundamental Principles Fluid Mechanics Behavior of Real Fluids Real and Ideal Fluids Viscous Flow Laminar Flow and Turbulence Bernoulli's Equation Boundary Layer Applications Hydraulic Structure Water Distribution Network Sewage Collection Networks Stormwater Management Sediment Transport Bibliography 2. River engineering Reading for comprehension Characteristics of Rivers Size Basin Rate of Flow Methods Channelization Advantages and Disadvantages Canalization Regulation Works (Flow and Depth Control) Estuarine Works Bibliography 3. Dams Reading for comprehension Types of Dams By Structure Arch Dams Gravity Dams Arch-Gravity Dams Barrages Embankment Dams Rock-Fill Dams Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dams Earth-Fill Dams Asphalt-Concrete Core By Size By Use Saddle Dam Weir Check Dam Dry Dam Diversionary Dam Underground Dam Tailings Dam By Material Steel Dams Timber Dams Other Types Cofferdams Beaver Dams Dam Failure Bibliography 4. Hydroinformatics Reading for comprehension Hydroinformatics History How the Hydroinformatics Work Physically-Based Modeling Data-Driven Dodeling Artificial Neural Networks Agent-Based Modeling Bibliography 5. Hydrogeology Reading for comprehension Aquifers Saturated or Unsaturated Confined or Unconfined Isotropic or Anisotropic Porous, Karst, or Fractured Hydraulic Head Porosity Water Content Storage Properties Contaminant Transport Properties Hydrodynamic Dispersion Molecular Diffusion Retardation by Adsorption Pioneering Hydrogeologist Governing Equations Darcy's law Groundwater Flow Equation Bibliography 6. Hydrology science Reading for comprehension History of Hydrology Hydrologic Cycle Overview Branches of hydrology Related topics Applications of hydrology Hydrologic measurements Hydrologic Prediction Statistical Hydrology Hydrologic Modeling Hydrologic Transport Bibliography 7. Water resources science Reading for comprehension Sources of Freshwater Surface water Under river flow Groundwater Desalination Frozen water Uses of freshwater Agricultural Industrial Household Recreation Environmental Water Stress Population Growth Expansion of Business Activity Rapid Urbanization Climate Change Depletion of Aquifers Pollution and Water Protection Water and conflict World Water Supply and Distribution Economic Considerations Business Response Bibliography 8. Aquatic ecosystem Reading for comprehension Marine Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem Classification Coastal Oceanic Zone Marine Pollution Freshwater Ecosystem Freshwater Ecosystem Classification Lentic Lotic Wetlands Bibliography 9. Water quality sciences Reading for comprehension Standards Categories Human Consumption Environmental Water Quality Measurement Testing in Response to Natural Disasters and Other Emergencies Drinking Water Environmental Chemical assessment Physical Assessment Biological Assessment Standards and Reports Canada European Union United Kingdom South Africa United States International Standards Bibliography 10. Sewage treatment Reading for comprehension Origins of Sewage Residences and institutions Commercial Hospital Industrial Urban Runoff Stages of the Sewage Treatment Process Pretreatment Grit Removal Flow Equalization Fat and Grease Removal Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Filtration Lagoons or Ponds Biological Nutrient Removal Disinfection Fourth Treatment Stage Odor Control Bibliography 11. Surface irrigation Reading for comprehension The process Basin Irrigation Furrow Irrigation Surge Irrigation Bay/Border Strip Irrigation Issues Associated with Surface Irrigation Bibliography 12. Drip irrigation Reading for comprehension History Components and Operation Advantage and Disadvantages The Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation are: Dripper Line Emitter Bibliography 13. Sprinkler irrigation Reading for comprehension Center Pivot Lateral Move (Side Roll, Wheel Line) Advantages of Sprinkler Systems Disadvantages of Sprinkler Systems Bibliography 14. Water reuse for irrigation Reading for comprehension Water Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation Benefits of Water Reuse in Agriculture Health Risks of Water Reuse Agriculture Agricultural Water Reuse Guidelines and Regulations WHO Guidelines EPA Guidelines European Union Regulations Bibliography 15. Irrigation system and structures Reading for comprehension Main Intake Structure and Pumping Station Main intake structure Pumping Station Conveyance and Distribution System Open Canals Canal Characteristics Earthen Canals Lined Canals Canal Structures Erosion Control Structures Canal erosion Drop Structures and Chutes Distribution Control Structures Division Boxes Checks Crossing Structures Flumes Culverts Inverted Siphons Water Measurement Structures Weirs Parshall Flumes Cut-throat Flume Field Application Systems Surface Irrigation Furrow Irrigation Border Irrigation Basin Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Drip Irrigation Drainage System Bibliography 16. Agricultural drainage Reading for comprehension What is Agricultural Drainage? What is Agricultural Drainage Needed? Hydrology Water Quality Wetlands Ways to Reduce the Potential Impacts of Agricultural Drainage Improved Nutrient Management on Drained Soils Changes in Cropping Systems Improved Drainage System Design Controlled Drainage Surface Inlet Alternatives Wetlands Bibliography Index