Sea Peoples of Northern Levant?: Aegean-style Pottery from Early Iron Age Tell Tayinat

Description

Drawing on many parallels from Philistia through the Levant, Anatolia, the Aegean Sea, and beyond, this research begins to fill a longstanding lacuna in the Amuq Valley and attempts to correlate with historical and cultural trends in the Northern Levant and beyond. SEA PEOPLES OF THE NORTHERN LEVANT?: AEGEAN-STYLE POTTERY FROM EARLY IRON AGE TELL TAYINAT Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgments List of Figures List of Tables Plates Abbreviations 1. The Late Helladic IIIC Tradition in the East Mediterranean 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of Late Helladic IIIC Scholarship 1.3 Ongoing Research in the Region 1.4 Summary Observations 2. Survey of Early Iron Age Sites Relating to Tell Tayinat 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Anatolia/Cilicia 2.2.1 Kinet Hoyiik 2.2.2 Dagdbaz Hoyiik 2.2.3 Tarsus 2.2.4 Kilise Tepe 2.2.5 Tille Hoyiik 2.2.6 Malatya 2.2.7 Bademgedigi Tepe 2.2.8 Miletus 2.3 Inland Syria 2.3.1 Tell Afis 2.3.2 Hama 2.3.3 Ain Dara 2.3.4 Tell 'Acharneh 2.3.5 Tell Qarqur 2.4 Coastal Syria and Phoenicia 2.4.1 Ras Ibn Hani and Ras el-Bassit 2.4.2 Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) 2.4.3 Tell Tweini 2.4.4 Tell Kazel 2.4.5 Sarepta 2.4.6 Tyre 2.4.7 Tel Dor 2.5 Philistia 2.5.1 Tel Miqne (ancient Ekron) 2.5.2 Tel Ashdod 2.5.3 Tel Ashkelon 2.5.4 Tell es-Safi (ancient Gath) 2.5.5 Tell Qasile 2.6 Cyprus 2.6.1 Enkomi and Kition 2.7 Summary Observations 3. Archaeology of the Early Iron Age in the Amuq Valley and Vicinity 3.1 Amuq Valley Surveys and Settlement Patterns 3.1.1 Braidwood Survey 3.1.2 Amuq Valley Regional Project (AVRP) 3.1.3 Sabuniye 3.1.4 Tell Ğindāris 3.2 The Syrian-Hittite Expedition and Renewed Excavations 3.2.1 Tell Judaidah 3.2.2 Chatal Höyük 3.2.3 The Syrian-Hittite Expedition to Tell Tayinat (1935-38) 3.2.4 The Tayinat Archaeological Project (2004-present) 3.2.5 Tell Atchana (ancient Alalakh) 3.3 Summary Observations 4. The Tell Tayinat LH IIIC Assemblage 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 The Tayinat Assemblage 4.1.2 Field 1 Excavations 4.1.2.1 Architecture and Stratigraphy 4.1.2.2 Ceramic Assemblage 4.1.3 Order of Presentation 4.2 Aegean-Style Bowls 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.1.1 Deep Bowl (FS 284/285; Plates 1-6) 4.2.1.1.1 Deep Bowl Morphology 4.2.1.1.2 Deep Bowl Decoration 4.2.1.1.3 Summary Observations 4.2.1.2 Shallow Angular Bowl (FS 295) 4.2.1.3 One-Handled Conical Bowl (FS 242) 4.2.2 Summary Observations 4.3 Aegean-Style Kraters 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Aegean Krater Shapes 4.3.3 Aegean Krater Assemblages 4.3.4 Kraters in the Amuq Valley 4.3.5 Tell Tayinat Krater Assemblage 4.3.5.1 Selection Strategy 4.3.5.2 Rim Typology and Morphology KR-1 T-Shaped (KR-la Heavy, KR-lb Light) KR-2a Square; KR-2b Rectangular KR-3 Triangular (3a Regular, 3b Flat triangular) KR-4 Oval KR-S Everted (Sa Exterior Thickened, 5b Beveled, 5c Simple Flared) KR-6 Inverted/Exterior Thickened KR-7 Rounded 4.3.5.3 Miscellaneous Krater Shapes 4.3.5.4 Carinated Fragments 4.3.5.5 Summary Observations 4.3.5.6 Decoration 4.3.5.6.1 Introduction 4.3.5.6.2 Levantine Panel Style 4.3.5.6.3 Regional Parallels to the Levantine Panel Style 4.3.5.7 Krater Decoration at Tell Tayinat 4.3.5.7.1 Frieze-Style Decoration Stacked Zigzag (some OMDS) (FM 61) Solid-Painted Triangles Cross-Hatched Triangles (FM 61) Wavy Line Style (FM 53) Stemless Spiral (FM 51) Checkerboard (FM 56) 4.3.5.7.2 Miscellaneous Individual Motifs and Surface Treatments Plain, Bands and Monochrome Decoration Rosette (FM 17) 29 and Triglyph (FM 75) Sea Anemone (FM 27)31 Double Axe (FM 35) 4.3.5.7.3 Pictorial Decoration Bird Pictorial (TAP) Bird Pictorial (Syrian-Hittite Expedition) Fish Pictorial (TAP) Anthropomorphic Pictorial (TAP) 4.3.6 Summary Observations 4.4 Aegean-Style Amphorae and Jars 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Morphology of the Tayinat Assemblage 4.4.2.1 Rim Typology AJ-1 Oval AJ-2 Triangular AJ-3 Pro.filed AJ-4 Hollow AJ-5 Rounded; AJ-6 Simple; AJ-7 Flat 4.4.2.2 Aspects of Amphorae and Jar Forms 4.4.3 Decoration 4.4.3.1 Frieze-Style Decoration Cross-Hatched Triangles (FM 61) Herringbone (FM 58: 28-31) Spiraliform Decoration (FM 51) 4.4.3.2 Individual Motifs 4.4.4 Summary Observations 4.5 Miscellaneous Forms and Sherds 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.1.1 Trefoil-mouth jug (FS 137) 4.5.1.2 Feeding/Spouted Bottle (FS 159-162) 4.5.1.3 Pilgrim Flask (FS 186-188) 4.5.1.4 Pot-stand 4.5.1.5 Mug/Goblet (FS 224-228) 4.5.1.6 Aegean-style Cooking Pot 4.5.1.7 Unidentified Body Sherds 4.5.2 Summary Observations 5. Sea Peoples of the Northern Levant? Aegean-Style Pottery from Early Iron Age Tell Tayinat 5.1 A Mercantile Phenomenon? 5.2 The Result of Cypriot and/or CiliciaLinked Migration 5.3 How Much LH IIIC is in the Tayinat Assemblage? 5.4 Historical and Archaeological Synthesis Tell Tayinat Pottery Plates (1-24) Bibliography