English for Special Purposes. Grammar: учебное пособие

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This tutorial includes theretical material and practical excercises on the English Grammar course for chemical students. It is designed for Bachelor students of chemical and technological universities of speciality 18.03.01, as well as for students doing a course in Traslation for Professional Purposes. It can also be used as supplementary material by postgraduate students and a wide range of students who need to get a deeper insight into English grammar. G. V. Romanova, A. R. Nurutdinova ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES GRAMMAR Tutorial UDC 811.111’36(075) UDC 811.111’36(075) Упражнение 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple. Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple. ФОРМЫ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ PRESENT SIMPLE или PRESENT CONTINUOUS? 1. Julia is very good at languages. She (speak) four languages very well. 2. Liten to those people. What language (they/speak)? 3. I (enjoy/usually) business trips, but I (not/enjoy) this one very much. 4. “Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.” “Ok, I (come).” 5. “(you/listen) to the radio?” “No, you can turn it off”. 6. “ (you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just occasionally.” 7. Rachel is in London at the moment. She (stay) at Hilton Hotel. She (stay/always) there when she’s in London. 8. I (finish/normally) at five, but this week I (work) until three because I need to prepare for the conference. 9. What (your sister/do)? She is a laboratory assistant, but she (not/work) at the moment. 10. Can you use AutoCad application? I (learn). My brother (teach) me. ФОРМЫ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ FUTURE SIMPLE обозначает: 1. “I won’t have time to go to the post office tomorrow.” – “Don’t worry. I (send) your mail for you.” 2. “Why do you want to go to the library so early in the morning?” – “I (choose) the books while it’s quiet and uncrowded.” 3. “I am having a lot of trouble in my statistics class.” – “Stop worrying. I (help) you.” 4. “What are you doing with the calculator?” – “I (do) some analysis of the latest data.” 5. “Why gave you bought all these maps?” – “We (drive) to the Lake District next month.” 1. As soon as the meeting (finish), we call Stanford University. 2. By the time he (graduate) from the university, he (be) twenty-one. 3. We don’t know if they (agree) to do this research together. 4. We will be able to finish by the end of June if they (agree) to do this research together. 5. Unless he (come) we (not/be able) to prepare the documents. 6. I doubt if everything (happen) as we expect. 7. After she (get) all necessary data, she (start) the calculations. 8. You (give) me this encyclopaedia when I (need) it? 1. Everbody hopes he ________ a good job in a few weeks if he ________ lucky. a) will get, is b) will be getting, will be c) is going to get, will be 2. “Have you decided about the course?” – “Yes, I decided last week. I ________ for a place.” a) apply b) is applying c) am going to apply 3. Mark ________ if his parents ________ him to borrow their car for the weekend. a) doesn’t know, allow b) don’t know, allow c) doesn’t know, will allow 4. “Do you mind not leaving your papers all over the table?” – “Oh, sorry. I’ll take them all with me when I ________ .” a) go b) will go c) am going 5. When I ________ to this place next spring, all flowers ________ . a) will return, will blossom b) return, will be blossoming c) will return, will blossom 6. No problem. I ________ him your copy. I ________ him tomorrow at our meeting. a) will pass, will be seeimg b) am going to pass, will see c) will pass, will see 7. When ________ your research? a) you will b) you will finish c) are you goimg to finish 8. The author ________ a reading from his new novel because it ________ curious for him to get the feedback. a) will be giving, is b) will give, will be c) is going to give, will be ФОРМЫ ПРОШЕДШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ PAST SIMPLE используется: PAST SIMPLE или PAST CONTINUOUS? USED TO DO, WOULD DO, BE/GET USED TO DOING Упражнение 35. Выберите правильный вариант. ПЕРФЕКТНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON TENSES Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант. 1. Who ________ these scientists you ________ about? a) has been, have been talking b) will be, will talking c) are, are talking 2. The presentation ________ in ten minutes on the fifth floor in Room 524. a) starts b) will start c) is starting 3. Jeremy ________ an article but unfortunately he ________ it. a) wrote, didn’t published b) had written, didn’t publish c) wrote, didn’t publish 4. I ________ Alice for ages and ________ him so proud of himself. a) know, have never see b) have know, never saw c) have known, have never seen 5. What ________ on when I ________ on the door? a) went, was knocking b) was going, knocked c) have been going, knocked 6. By 2006 she ________ to New York to study Chemistry at Saint Martin’s and later she ______ back again. a) had moved, had came b) had moved, came c) moved, came Задание 2. Напишите правильную грамматическую форму глагола write, которая бы сочеталась с временными маркерами каждого предложения. 1. He ________ an article every month. 2. He ________ an article every month last year. 3. He ________ an article for three days. 4. He ________ an article yesterday morning. 5. He ________ an article in five days. 6. He ________ an article right now. 7. He ________ an article while his teammates were discussing this issue. 8. He ________ an article by the time the boss returned to work. 9. He ________ an article by the time the boss will return. 10. He ________ an article this time next week. 11. He ________ an article a few days ago. 12. (negative) He ________ an article since he started this project. Задание 3. Исправьте ошибки. 1. Pollution is one of the most serious problems since last century. 2. In the past nobody was paying attention to this problem. 3. Many European countries try still to solve this problem today. 4. Before everyone realized the danger, pollution became a threat to the environment. 5. Every day some companies have been polluting the environment. 6. I hope the world is going to do its best to stop pollution. 7. Last week while I was watching the news I have heard that the EU leaders agree to take necessary measures. 8. By the next century people will do away with pollution. Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык. 1. Что ты делаешь сейчас? 2. Что ты делаешь обычно по вечерам? 3. Что ты делал, когда я тебе позвонил вчера? 4. Что ты будешь делатьзавтра с 3 до 4? 5. Что ты делал вчера с 3 до 4? 6. Что делаешь с утра? 7. Я думаю, ты не будешь делать это завтра. GERUND AND INFINITIVE ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON GERUND AND INFINITIVE Задание 1. Закончите предложения правильной формой выражения get a job. Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант. 1. This simple test is not worth ________ . 2. Fred has decided ________ us. 3. You’d better ________ immediately. 4. Would you mind ________ that last sentence? 5. I need a book that is not difficult ________ . 6. I’d like ________ her an email straight away. 7. You should ________ listen to his advice. 8. She let us ________ the task the next day. COMPLEX SUBJECT0F COMPLEX OBJECT1F ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON COMPLEX SUBJECT AND COMPLEX OBJECT Выполните контрольный перевод следующих предложений, обращая внимание на обороты «сложное подлежащее» и «сложное дополнение». 1. The tests expected to be over were not finished yet. 2. We know the book likely to be brought by him for you to translate. 3. They asked the teacher who had just finished his lesson to repeat the experiment again for those who hadn’t seen it yet. 4. The mistake assumed to be insignificant was really great. 5. The professor made the assistant working in the laboratory check the results of the first three experiments. 6. The director ordered the engineer who had come in to tell him that the work hadn’t begun to start repairing the generator at once without wasting a minute. 7. The problem thought to have been solved appeared ansolvable. 8. The chief engineer considered the plan suggested by the workers to be very interesting. 9. The student believed to be working in that room has gone away without telling anybody about his leaving. 10. Everybody who read it found the paper published by Prof. Smith et al. to be of great scientific importance. CONDITIONALS 1. If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different now. 2. If you (leave) now, you (be) at home in two hours. 3. If I (know) how difficult the course was, I (not/take) it last year. 4. If you (order) now, we (give) you a discount. 5. If Ted (be) more diligent, he (pass) the exam easily yesterday. 6. If we (recycle) waste, we (save) natural resources. 7. If you (see) another student cheating in an exam, you (tell) anyone? 8. If toxic chemicals (not/be dumped) into the lakes and rivers, many species (survive). 9. If we (cut) down all forests, the world climate (change). 10. If she (be) better-qualified, she (receive) that job. 0. If Kate had a car, she would have given you a lift yesterday. SECOND CONDITIONAL 1. ...... 2. …… “I WISH” CONSTRUCTION Итак, wish используется: ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON CONDWITIONALS AND “I WISH” CONSTRUCTION Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, используя подходящую форму глагола. The Earth after Humans If all people on Earth 1 ________ (disappear) tomorrow, nature 2 ________ (begin) to reclaim the planet. For a start, if people no longer 3 ________ (pollute) the atmosphere, the air soon 4 ________ (become) clean again. If there 5 ________ (be) no pe... Even if we no longer 11 ________ (poison) the planet, several decades 12________ (go by) before all dangerous chemicals 13 ________ (disappear). And even if the burning fossil fuels 14 ________ (cease) tomorrow, the ocean 15 ________ (not/absorb) all ... Задание 2. Переведите на английский язык, используя кострукцию “I wish”. 1. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы у меня был ключ. Но ключа у меня нет. 2. Жаль, что мы не изучили эту тему в прошлом году, она нам пригодилась бы сейчас. 3. Роберт умеет решать такие уравнения, но ему бы хотелось решать их лучше. 4. Жаль, мне не к кому было обратиться за советом, когда мне было 16 лет. 5. Жаль, что он отказался от предложения работать с нами над этим проектом. THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE / PARTICIPLE ONE2F THE PAST PARTICIPLE / PARTICIPLE TWO ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON PARTICIPLE ONE AND PARTICIPLE TWO Задание 1. Выберите правильную форму причастия. 1. Tom is interested/interesting in organic chemistry. 2. The lecture was disappointed/disappointing. We expected it to be much better. 3. It was a really terrfied/terrifying experiment. Everyone was shocked/shocking. 4. I know the man taken/taking the photo. 5. The building located/locating in the centre is the library. 6. Do you easily get embarrassed/embarrassing? 7. It was an exhausted/exhausting competition. 8. The people in the nearby villages were worried/worrying by the continues alarmed/alarming rise in the river level. Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие I и причастие II. 1. The equation used to solve the problem was derived from probability theory. 2. The student reading that book is very diligent. 3. He hasn’t prepared a list of the materials required. 4. When substituted for steel the plastics saved a great deal of money. 5. Designing a new machine the engineer had to read a lot of books. 6. The reconstruction work performed increased the amount of power generated by this power station. WORD FORMATION3F ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON WORD FORMATION Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, руководствуясь принципами словообразования, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Future population 1. The United Nations has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmental (SCIENCE) and policy’makers to understand (DRAMA) changes in the world’s population in... 2. The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge (EXPAND) of the (GLOBE) population. 3. You may think it is (POSSIBLE) but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred trillion people. 4. The repoer says that the world’s population is likely to be (SIGNIFICANT) older.The average age will be fifty. 5. Almost a quarter of all the (INHABIT) of the planet will live in Africa. 6. (RESEARCH) think that India, China and the Unites States will continue to be countries with the (BIG) population. REVISION TESTS TEST 1 Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction. Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words TEST 2 Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction. Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words. TEST 3 Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction. Exercise 7. Complete with the word that best fits the space. JOB TRAINING IN CALIFORNIA4F Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words. Galina Vladimirovna Romanova Aida Rustamovna Nurutdinova ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES GRAMMAR Responsible for publishing Prof. N. Sh. Valeeva