Fundamentals of Photocatalysis
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"In chemistry, photocatalysis refers to the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst. Various aspects and applications of this process are described in the six chapters of this book. Chapter One addresses the reduction and oxidation of heavy metals by the photocatalytic process to produce less toxic forms, thus reducing pollution. Chapter Two reviews some issues of photocatalytic reactions which may have been overlooked in other reports. Chapter Three deals with the utilization of ZnO-CdO nanoblocks as adsorbent and efficient solar photocatalysts towards brilliant cresol blue degradation. Chapter Four explains heterogeneous photocatalysis through the use of titanium and tungsten oxide nanostructures. Chapter Five reports the fabrication and evaluation of TiO2 nanowires supported on graphene and sensitized with Ag in a unique hierarchical three-dimensional sandwich structure. Lastly, Chapter Six provides an overview of recent achievements in C-N bond formation reactions triggered by visible light-induced DDQ-photoredox catalysis"-- Contents Preface Chapter 1 Oxidation and Reduction of Heavy Metals by Photocatalytic Process Abstract Introduction Photocatalytic Process for Oxidation and Reduction of Heavy Metals Photocatalytic Reduction Processes Lead Reduction Photoreduction of Lead and the Use of Organic Electron Donors The pH Effect Lead Photoreduction Mechanism Different Photocatalysts Applied to Lead Photoreduction and Photocatalyst Reuse Selenium Reduction Photoreduction of Selenite and Selenate: The Role of Organic Electron Donors The pH Effect Selenium Photoreduction Mechanism Application and Reuse of Photocalalysts on Selenium Photoreduction Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes Arsenium Oxidation References Biographical Sketches Chapter 2 Peculiarities of the Reactions on Particulate Photocatalysts Abstract Introduction Various Charge-Transfer Reactions at Solid-Solution Interfaces Reaction Rates and Reorganization Energy Essential Difference between Photocatalysis and Electrochemistry Electric Potential Near the Solid Surface Lead-Wire-Free Particulate Photoelectrode Effects of Light Intensity and Reactant Concentration on Photocatalytic Oxidation Rates Conclusion References Chapter 3 ZnO-CdO Nanoblocks: Utilization as Adsorbent and Efficient Solar Photo-Catalyst towards Brilliant Cresol Blue Degradation Abstract Introduction Experimental Sections Materials and Methods Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Doped ZnO-CdO NBs Photocatalytic Degradation of BCB with Doped ZnO-CdO NBs Samples Preparation and Procedure for Metal Ions Uptakes Using ZnO-CdO NBs Results and Discussion Characterization of Doped ZnO-CdO NBs Photocatalytic Degradation of BCB Using ZnO-CdO NBs Metal Ions Uptakes Using Doped ZnO-CdO NBs (Batch Method) Selectivity Study of Calcined ZnO-CdO NBs Static Adsorption Capacity Adsorption Isotherm Models Conclusion References Chapter 4 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Explained through the Use of Titanium and Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures Abstract Introduction Literature Review Photocatalysis Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Sodium Tungstate Dihydrate (Na2WO4.2H2O) Substrates Electrospinning Spin-Coating Materials and Methods Sample Construction Electrospinning Obtaining the Films by Spin-Coating Characterization of Nanostructures Photocatalytic Measurements Results and Discussion Descriptive of the Phases Present in the Samples Microstructure in the Samples Applications Conclusion References Chapter 5 Designing an Enhanced Visible-Light Activated Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Ag/TiO2 Nanowires/Graphene Sandwich Photocatalyst Abstract Introduction Experimental Methods Materials Synthesis Graphene Oxide (GO) Synthesis Ag/TNW/RGO Synthesis Characterization Photocatalytic Degradation Results Characterization Studies Microscopic and Surface Area Analysis XRD Analysis Raman Analysis Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRS) Photocatalytic Degradation Studies Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References Chapter 6 Visible Light‐Mediated DDQ Photoredox‐Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Reactions: A Review Abstract Introduction DDQ-Initiated C-N Bond Formation under Visible-Light Irradiation Conclusion and Outlook References Index Blank Page Blank Page
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