Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice

Description

A leading text in its field, Educational Administration presents the most comprehensive synthesis available of theory and research in organizational behavior as it applies to the practice of Educational Administration. Each theoretical perspective presented concludes with an authentic case study that challenges students to apply their knowledge to an actual contemporary school problem. Tittle Contents CHAPTER 1 The School as a Social System Theory Theory and Science Theory and Reality Theory and Research Theory and Practice A Systems Perspective Rational System: A Machine Model Natural System: An Organic Model Open System: An Integration Key Properties of Open Systems Social-Systems Model: Basic Assumptions Key Elements of the School Social System Structure Individual Culture Politics Technical Core: Teaching and Learning Environment Outcomes Internal Feedback Loops External Feedback Loops The School as a Learning Organization A Case for Leadership: Rash Decision? Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes A CHAPTER 2 The Technical Core: Learning and Teaching Learning: A Definition A Behavioral Perspective on Learning Consequences Antecedents Teaching Applications of the Behavioral Approach Positive Behavior Support Based on a Functional Behavioral Assessment Learning Objectives Direct Instruction A Cognitive Perspective on Learning Knowledge and Learning Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-Term Memory Teaching Applications of the Cognitive Approach Underlining or Highlighting Taking Notes Visual Tools Mnemonics A Constructivist Approach to Learning Types of Constructivism How Is Knowledge Constructed? Knowledge: Situated or General? Teaching Applications of Constructivist Approaches Inquiry and Problem-Based Learning Cognitive Apprenticeships Cooperative Learning A Case for Leadership: Cooperative Learning: Sound Practice or Social Experiment? Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Note CHAPTER 3 Structure in Schools Weberian Model of Bureaucracy Division of Labor and Specialization Impersonal Orientation Hierarchy of Authority Rules and Regulations Career Orientation Efficiency Ideal Type Criticisms of the Weberian Bureaucratic Model Functions and Dysfunctions of the Model Functions and Dysfunctions of Rules Neglect of the Informal Organization Dual Structure of the Bureaucratic Model A Feminist Critique of Bureaucracy Formal Structure in Schools Hall on Bureaucratic Structure Hoy and Sweetland on Structure Mintzberg on Structure Loose Coupling Perspective Professional and Bureaucratic Conflict Professional and Bureaucratic Orientations in Schools A Case for Leadership: Problems at West High Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes A CHAPTER 4 Individuals in Schools Needs Hierarchy of Needs: Basic Needs Needs and Worker Satisfaction Need for Achievement Need for Autonomy Beliefs Beliefs about Causality: Attribution Theory Beliefs about Ability Beliefs about Fairness: Equity Theory and Organizational Justice Beliefs about Outcomes: Expectancy Theory Beliefs about Capabilities: Self-Efficacy Theory Goals Goal-Setting Theory Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation A Case for Leadership: Reverse the Decline Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes A CHAPTER 5 Culture and Climate in Schools Organizational Culture Definition of Organizational Culture Levels of Organizational Culture Functions of Culture Common Elements of Culture School Culture A Culture Efficacy A Culture of Trust A Culture of Academic Optimism Organizational Climate Definition of Organizational Climate A Climate of Organizational Openness OCDQ: Some Research Findings A Climate of Organizational Health OHI: Some Research Findings AClimate of Citizenship OCB: Some Research Findings Changing the Culture and Climate of Schools The Clinical Strategy The Growth-Centered Strategy A Norm-Changing Strategy A Case for Leadership: Surprise at St. Clair Middle School Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes CHAPTER 6 Power and Politics in Schools Sources of Authority: Legitimate Power Authority and Administrative Behavior in Schools Sources of Power Administrative Uses of Power Mintzberg’s Perspective on Power A Comparison and Synthesis of Power Perspectives Power, Rationality, and Rationalization Organizational Power and Politics External Coalitions Internal Coalitions The Power Game Political Tactics Political Games Conflict Management A Case for Leadership: Conflict at Washington High School Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Note A CHAPTER 7 External Environments of Schools Task and Institutional Environments Information Perspective Environmental Uncertainty Resource-Dependence Perspective Administering Information and Resource Environments Institutional Perspective Conceptual Foundations Summary Assessments of Institutional Theory Administering Institutional Environments Policy Making and the Changing Environments for Education A Case for Leadership: A Reading War Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise A CHAPTER 8 School Effectiveness, Accountability, and Improvement School Effectiveness—Challenging Administrative Practices Social Systems and School Effectiveness Input Criteria Performance Outcomes Transformational Criteria Accountability and Educational Reform A Case for Leadership: A Mandate for Higher Accountability Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise The Classical Model: An Optimizing Strategy CHAPTER 9 Decision Making in Schools The Administrative Model: A Satisficing Strategy Some Basic Assumptions Decision-Making Process: An Action Cycle The Incremental Model: A Strategy of Successive Limited Comparisons The Mixed-Scanning Model: An Adaptive Strategy A Contingency Model: Matching Strategy and Situation The Garbage Can Model: Nonrational Decision Making Janis-Mann Conflict Theory: Stress and Irrationality in Decision Making A Case for Leadership: The Teachers Council Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes A CHAPTER 10 Shared Decision Making: Empowering Teachers The Vroom Model of Shared Decision Making Enhancing the Quality and Acceptance of Decisions Constraints on Decision Making Decision-Making Styles Decision-Making Trees Some Cautions The Hoy-Tarter Model: A Simplified Model of Shared Decision Making The Hoy-Tarter Model of Shared Decision Making Developing Teachers for Decision Making A Caution on Group Decision Making: Groupthink ACase for Leadership: SpecialTreatment? Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes A CHAPTER 11 Communication in Schools A Definition and General Model of Communication Components, Variations, and Elaborations of the General Model of Communication Improving Communication Competence Organizational Perspectives of Communication Organizational Communication Purposes of Communication in School Organizations Communication Networks Formal Communication Networks in Schools Informal Communication Networks in Schools Complementary Networks: Formal and Informal Communication A Case for Leadership: Scandal at Placido High: Coincidence or Conspiracy? Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise A CHAPTER 12 Leadership in Schools Defining Leadership The Nature of Administrative Work Traits, Skills, and Leadership Situations and Leadership Behaviors and Leadership Leadership Effectiveness Contingency Models of Leadership Changing Leadership Perspectives Transformational Leadership Three Types of Leadership Theory and Research about Transformational Leadership A Case for Leadership: District Leadership and Systemic Reform Conclusion Key Assumptions and Principles Test Yourself Suggested Readings Portfolio Exercise Notes CHAPTER 13 One Last Time: A Review of The School as a Social System A Model of Synthesis Structure in Schools Individuals in Schools Culture and Climate in Schools Power and Politics in Schools Teaching and Learning in Schools External Environments of Schools School Effectiveness, Accountability, and Improvement Decision Making in Schools Communication in Schools Leadership in Schools Administrative Behavior Organizational Dilemmas Coordination and Communication Bureaucratic Discipline and Professional Expertise Administrative Planning and Individual Initiative Learning as Behavior and Cognition Conclusion A Collection of Cases for Educational Leadership Bibliography Name Index Subject Index