Security-Related Advanced Technologies in Critical Infrastructure Protection: Theoretical and Practical Approach

Description

This book collects the latest research results on security-related advanced technologies. The chapters contain relevant and interesting topics from numerous research. Data science and artificial intelligence research nowadays one of the most important topics for the industry and the security sectors. The autonomy and counter-autonomy research topic are also very interesting. Autonomous cars have become a part of the common days, but their safe and secure application is not assured. The research results in this field want to support and assure safe and secure autonomous applications in our quotidian life. Also, the safe and secure robotics in the industries and the defence assure a high standard of living and the given research results in this area can use to increase it. The researchers work on it and publish the results that can be interesting for the other researchers and the innovators, but also the industrial part members. The researchers work on it and publish the results that can be interesting for the other researchers and the innovators, but also the industrial part members. Communication is a part of our life, but the communication systems mesh all around the world. Communication is the basis of modern life because without it life stop. One other interesting and very important research area is the material sciences. Virtual life cannot exist without hardware and materials. The new technical applications require new materials, that can suffice the mechanical and physical, chemical properties demand. Nowadays a common requirement of the materials the high strength and lightweight. Researchers want to serve the industrial requests and innovate new composite materials or increase the properties of the material through a new technological process. The authors publish the latest results of the security-related research area including the newest innovations and technologies which rise the interest of the defence and the modern industries even the interest of other researchers. Foreword Organization Contents Chapter 1: Critical Threat of Critical Infrastructures: The Human Factor 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Critical Infrastructures 1.2.1 Protection of Critical Infrastructures 1.3 The Human Factor 1.3.1 Addressing the Human Factor 1.3.2 Dealing with the Human Factor 1.3.3 Boredom and Stress 1.4 Summary References Chapter 2: Applications of Hopkinson Bar Technique for Capability Testing of High-Energy Absorption Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 SHPB Test Stand and Configurations of Test Samples 2.3 Dynamic Behavior of Energy-Absorbing Building Materials 2.4 Evaluation Indexes of Energy Absorption 2.5 Conclusion References Chapter 3: A Method for Approximating Circular Error Probable 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methods for Deriving CEP 3.2.1 Stochastic Approximation 3.3 Approximation CEP by SA 3.3.1 The Ratio of Standard Deviations in CEP Estimation 3.4 Numerical Analysis 3.5 Summary References Chapter 4: Machine Learning Aspects of Internet Firewall Data 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modeling Network Firewall Rules by Neural Network 4.3 NN Parameter Analysis 4.4 Classification Machine Learning Algorithms with Implementation in Firewall Data 4.5 Firewall Dataset Clustering 4.6 Conclusions Appendices Appendix A: Clustering - K-Means Algorithm Appendix B: Clustering - EM Algorithm Appendix C: Clustering - DBSCAN Algorithm References Chapter 5: The End of Encryption? - The Era of Quantum Computers 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Machine Based Identification 5.3 Understanding Passwords 5.4 Encryption 5.5 Quantum Computers 5.6 Quantum Apocalypse 5.7 Summary References Chapter 6: Can Blockchain Technology Be a Solution for Safety in No-Trust Environments? 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Safety in Traditional and Modern-Age Systems 6.3 The Blockchain 6.4 Consensus Mechanisms to Be Used 6.4.1 Proof of Work (PoW) 6.4.2 Proof of Capacity (PoC) 6.4.3 Proof of Stake (PoS) 6.4.4 Proof of Importance (PoI) 6.4.5 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) 6.4.6 Proof of Burn (PoB) 6.4.7 Proof of Authority (PoA) 6.4.8 Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) 6.4.9 Summary of Potential Disadvantages of Blockchains 6.5 Summary References Chapter 7: A Security Assessment of AI, Related to the Financial Institutions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 A High-Level Threat Analysis 7.2.1 Threat Actors and Their Capabilities 7.2.2 AI´s Known Weaknesses 7.2.3 Use and the Role of AI in Financial Institutions 7.3 AI and Cybersecurity 7.3.1 Audit Standards 7.3.2 Risk Data and Risk Scenarios 7.4 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Machine Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things Cybersecurity 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Related Work 8.1.2 Dataset 8.2 Methods 8.2.1 Feature Selection 8.2.2 Supervised Learning Models 8.3 Results 8.4 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Need for Cybersecurity Solutions in IoT Systems 9.1 About IoT Systems 9.2 IoT Security 9.3 Examples of Attacking IoT Systems 9.3.1 Simple Attack 9.3.2 Disable a Wifi Security Camera with Aireplay-ng 9.3.3 Crack WPA2 PSK Passwords Using Aircrack-ng Tool 9.4 Conclusion References Chapter 10: Information Security Challenges and Solutions in Smart Nations 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.3 Research 10.4 Results 10.4.1 Information Security Challenges in the Smart Nation 10.4.1.1 Threats to Networks 10.4.1.2 Threats to Clients 10.4.1.3 Threats to Users 10.4.2 Information Security Solutions in the Smart Nation 10.5 Conclusion References Chapter 11: GIS Aided Safety Assessment of the Urban Green Areas 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Material and Methods 11.2.1 Acoustic Tomography 11.3 Results and Discussions References Chapter 12: Digital Competence and Security Awareness from the Perspective of Sustainability 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Importance of Digital Competency 12.3 The Relationship Between Security Awareness and Digital Competencies 12.3.1 The Significance of Improving Digital Competencies and Security Awareness 12.4 Effects of the Pandemic to Users 12.4.1 The Challenges Posed by the Pandemic for the Home Office 12.5 The Responsibility of Infocommunication Network Service Providers and Competent Authorities 12.5.1 Potential Implementation Methods 12.5.2 Cyber-Border Protection 12.5.3 Establishing Internal Cyber Security of a Country 12.5.4 ICT Services as Critical Infrastructure 12.6 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Vibration Analysis and Characterization of Damaged Structural Glass Elements 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Vibration Analysis of Structural Glass Elements 13.2.1 Regulations and Calculation Methods 13.2.2 Calculation Examples 13.3 Post-breakage Vibration Analysis 13.3.1 Case-Study System 13.3.2 Test Setup, Instruments, Experimental Data 13.3.3 Experimental Results 13.4 Future Developments References Chapter 14: The Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on Human Health 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Materials and Experiments 14.3 Results and Discussions 14.4 Conclusions References Chapter 15: Material Testing Under Dynamic Loadings - Proper Design of Critical Infrastructure Structural Elements 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Experimental Set-Up 15.3 Numerical Modelling and Material Definition 15.3.1 FE Model 15.3.2 Constitutive Equation 15.3.3 Failure Criterion and Failure Mechanism for Metals 15.4 Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Results 15.5 Conclusions References Chapter 16: Collaborative Robots in the Critical Infrastructure Area Review 16.1 Introduction 16.2 From Industrial Robotics to Cobotics 16.3 Manifestations of Cooperation Between Humans and Robots 16.3.1 Direct Modality 16.3.2 Indirect Mode (Remote) 16.4 Cobots Controlling 16.5 Conclusion References Chapter 17: Challenges for the Energy Sector in the Light of Climate Change 17.1 Introduction 17.2 The Impact of the Climate Change on the Energy Production 17.3 The Vulnerability of Energy Production Built on Non-conventional Power Sources 17.4 Conclusion References Chapter 18: Fuzzy-Based Intrusion Detection Systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Intrusion Detection System 18.2.1 General IDS Architecture 18.3 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Intrusion Detection 18.3.1 Fuzzy Intrusion Detection Systems 18.3.2 Fuzzy Logic 18.3.3 Application of Fuzzy Logic in Intrusion Detection Systems 18.4 Conclusion References Chapter 19: UAV Route Planning in Urban and Suburban Surveillance Scenarios 19.1 Introduction 19.2 UAVs and Road and Traffic Monitoring 19.2.1 Road and Traffic Monitoring 19.2.2 Applications of UAVs in Road Monitoring 19.3 Methodology 19.4 Results 19.5 Conclusion References Chapter 20: Automated Guided Vehicles Safety Issues and Security Aspects 20.1 Introduction 20.2 AGV Safety Standards 20.3 The Main Parts of an AGV 20.4 The Main AGV Safety Elements 20.5 Collisions in a Storage Environment 20.6 The AGVs Navigation 20.7 3D Printed AGVs as an Experimental Setup 20.8 Conclusion References Chapter 21: Interconnected Drone Systems for Monitoring Regional Safety Issues in Field Agriculture 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Precision Agriculture 21.2.1 Remote Sensing, Passive vs. Active Data Collection 21.2.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 21.3 Aerial Units 21.3.1 Satellite Crop Monitoring 21.3.2 UAV Remote Sensing 21.4 Infrastructural Impact 21.5 Covered Areas with Drones 21.6 Conclusion References Chapter 22: Noise Level Assessment in an Urban Agglomeration 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Results And Discussion 22.2.1 Noise Measurements 22.3 Analysis of Measurements 22.4 Proposed Measures to Reduce Noise Levels 22.5 Conclusions References Chapter 23: Model of Resilience Assessment of Electricity Infrastructure 23.1 Introduction 23.2 State of Art 23.3 Methods 23.4 Results - Model of Resilience Assessment of Electricity Infrastructure 23.5 Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 24: Li-Ion Batteries - An Important Component in Critical Infrastructure Protection 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Experiments 24.3 Conclusions References Chapter 25: Hackathon Based Learning in Education of Software Engineers 25.1 Introduction 25.1.1 Hackathon 25.1.2 Key Competences 25.2 Subotica Tech and Project Based Learning 25.2.1 Students at Hackathons 25.3 Hackathon Based Learning 25.3.1 Security 25.3.2 Types of Security Attacks 25.3.3 Web Programming and Database 2 Hackathon 25.3.4 Internet Technologies Hackathon 25.3.5 Hackathon Improvements 25.4 Future Plans 25.5 Conclusion References Chapter 26: Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Production and Use of Explosives Industry Products 26.1 Urgency of the Topic 26.2 Conditions for the Manufacture of Explosives 26.3 Occupational Safety Features of the Establishment of an Explosives Manufacturing Plant 26.4 Occupational Safety in the Manufacture of Explosives and Explosive Bodies 26.4.1 Pressing of Explosives 26.4.2 Casting of Explosives 26.4.3 Grinding of Explosives 26.4.4 Plasticization of Explosives References Chapter 27: Tasks of the Implementation of Physical Security System of the CBRN Laboratories 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Risk Analysis and the Establishment of the Defence Concept 27.3 The Components of the Physical Security System 27.3.1 Mechanical Defense 27.3.2 Electronical Defense 27.3.2.1 Intrusion Detection System Exterior Intrusion Detection Application 27.3.2.2 Access Control System 27.3.2.3 CCTV System and EAS 27.3.3 Security Personnel and Preventive Measures 27.4 Conclusion References Chapter 28: Industry 4.0 and Rami Model Based Art in Microindustry for Polishing Application 28.1 Introduction 28.2 The Reference Architectural Model Industry - RAMI 4.0 28.3 Model of the Industry 28.3.1 The Current Technological System of the Polishing Process 28.3.2 Algorithm of the New Solution 28.3.3 Components of the New System 28.4 The New Industry 4.0 Solution - Polishing Robotic Arm 28.5 Conclusion References Chapter 29: Principles of Physical Protection of Strategic Assets Against Blast Effects 29.1 Introduction 29.1.1 Strategic Assets 29.2 Principle of Protection - Security Measures for Blast Protection 29.2.1 Threats on the Assets 29.2.2 Site Security Design 29.2.3 Assessment of the Resilience of the Protected Asset 29.2.4 Security Measures 29.2.5 Increasing of Stand - Off Distance - Perimeter Protection 29.2.6 Increasing of Assets Blast Resistance Using Retrofit Technique - Structural Protection 29.3 Conclusions References Chapter 30: The Impact of Cloud Systems on Manufacturing 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Theoretical Analysis of the System 30.3 Presentation of the System 30.4 Conclusion References Chapter 31: Robots in the Industry 4.0 31.1 Introduction 31.2 The Collaborative Robots 31.3 Collaborative Welder Robots 31.4 What Is Cobot? 31.5 Cobot as an Enabler of Lean Automation in Assembly Cells 31.6 Selection of Cobot 31.7 The Workspace 31.8 Conclusion References Chapter 32: Analysis of New Types of Security Challenges Affecting Catholic Christian Sacred Sites to Identify Those as Critic... 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Determination of the Term Christian Sacred Sites 32.3 Christian Sacred Sites as Critical Infrastructures 32.4 Assessment of the Security Risk Measure 32.5 Conclusions References Chapter 33: Can Trust Be a Factor of Organisational Safety and Security? 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Organisational Safety and Security from a Systemic Perspective 33.3 Decisions as the Foundations of a Secure and Organisational System 33.4 How to Increase Organisational Safety and Security with Decisions 33.5 Security-Conscious Culture Theory - Institutionalizing Trust 33.6 Summary References Chapter 34: Identification and Authentication Potentials Based on Limited Biometric Data 34.1 Introduction - Identification vs. Authentication 34.2 The Most Frequent Biometric Identification and Authentication Procedures 34.3 The Vulnerability of Biometric Data 34.4 Criteria to Determine Applicable Biometric Methods 34.5 Conclusion References Chapter 35: Language as a Medium of Security 35.1 Introduction 35.2 The Dictionary Rules 35.3 Origin of the Term `Security´ 35.4 Various Meanings of the Term `Security´ 35.4.1 Quality or State of Being Secure 35.4.2 Freedom of Danger 35.4.3 Freedom from Fear or Anxiety 35.4.4 Freedom from the Prospect of Being Laid Off: Job Security 35.4.5 Security Is Something Deposited or Pledged to Make Certain the Fulfillment of an Obligation 35.4.6 Something that Secures: Protection 35.4.7 Measures Taken to Guard Against Espionage or Sabotage, Crime, Attack, or Escape 35.5 Direct Influence of Language on Security: An Example from Irish History 35.5.1 `Plenipotentiary´ 35.5.2 `Decommissioning´ 35.6 Conclusion References Chapter 36: Use of Airbridges in Support of Encircled Forces and the Role of Airfields 36.1 Introduction 36.2 The Airbridge According to NATO Doctrines 36.2.1 Tactical Airbridges in Support of Encircled Forces (1942-1945) 36.2.2 Demyansk Airbridge, February-April 1942 36.2.3 Holm Airbridge, January-May 1942 36.2.4 Stalingrad Airbridge, November 1942-February 1943 36.2.5 Korsun - Shevchenkovsky (Cherkassy) Airbridge, January-February 1944 36.2.6 Chernivtsi Airbridge, March 1944 36.2.7 Tarnopol Airbridge, March-April 1944 36.2.8 Kovel Airbridge, March-April 1944 36.2.9 Budapest Airbridge, December 1944-February 1945 36.2.10 Breslau Air Bridge, February 1945 36.3 Summary 36.4 Conclusions References Chapter 37: The Purpose of Internet Use Among Pupils During the Covid-19 Pandemic 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Theoretical Consideration 37.3 Reseacrh Methodology 37.3.1 Subject and Problem of Research 37.3.2 Test and Data Processing Methods 37.3.3 Data on the Procedure and Sample of the Research 37.4 Reseacrh Results and Disussion 37.5 Conclusion References Chapter 38: Family Patterns´ Role in IT Security Aware Behavior 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Conceptual Framework 38.3 Methods 38.3.1 Data Collection and Analyses 38.4 Results 38.4.1 Demographic Characteristics 38.4.2 Use of IT Tools and IT Security Awareness 38.4.3 Family Patterns in IT Security Awareness 38.5 Conclusions References Chapter 39: Advanced Tools for the Explosive Materials Identification 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Asymmetric Warfare 39.3 Homemade, Improvised Explosive Devices 39.3.1 Explosive Charge 39.3.2 Detonator and Trigger Mechanism 39.3.3 Power Source 39.3.4 Impact Coating 39.3.5 Camouflage Materials 39.3.6 Safety Device 39.4 Targeting of Explosive Devices 39.5 Bomb Woman - Breast Implant as an Explosive Device 39.5.1 Breast Implants References