Bacterial Bioflocculant for Multifunctional Features

Description

Bacterial Bioflocculant for Multifunctional Features highlights research findings on the production and characterization of self-assembling bioflocculant from bacterial consortium (encompassing Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis). The book describes the various high-throughput techniques for characterization of wastewater at microbiological and molecular level.  Sections cover pharmaceutical compounds, macromolecular compounds and other contaminants, the biotoxicity exhibited cellular and nuclear abnormalities in the zebra fish, and high-throughput techniques used for evaluating the flocculating efficiency of the bacterial bioflocculant to remove the contaminants in different other applications. Bacterial Bioflocculant for Multifunctional Features will help users undertake further advanced research in bacterial bioflocculant for bioremediation technology and environmental prospectives. In addition, it will also inspire readers to understand bioflocculation and its functions.    Contents Foreword Preface CHAPTER 1 - Introduction References Chapter 2 - Biosynthesis of bioflocculant from bacterial consortium of municipal wastewater and its characterization 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Types of flocculants 2.2.1 Inorganic flocculants 2.2.2 Organic flocculants 2.2.3 Natural flocculants 2.2.3.1 Chitosan 2.2.3.2 Starch 2.2.3.3 Sodium alginate 2.2.3.4 Tannin 2.2.3.5 Cellulose 2.2.3.6 Gums and mucilage 2.2.3.7 Guar gum 2.2.3.8 Bioflocculant 2.3 Bacterial bioflocculant 2.4 Stages of bioflocculant production 2.5 Isolation of bioflocculant producing bacteria 2.6 Identification of effective bacterial strains 2.7 Composition of bacterial strains 2.8 Construction of bacterial consortia 2.9 Factors influencing bioflocculant production and flocculating activity 2.9.1 Effect of inoculum size 2.9.2 Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and C/N ratio 2.9.3 Effect of metal ions 2.9.4 Effect of initial pH 2.9.5 Effect of time 2.9.6 Effect of dosage 2.9.7 Effect of temperature 2.10 Low-cost nutritional growth medium 2.11 Optimization of culture medium for bacterial bioflocculant production 2.12 Purification of bioflocculant 2.13 Composition of the bacterial bioflocculant 2.14 Mechanism of bioflocculation and coagulation 2.15 Determination of flocculating activity 2.16 Functional characteristics of bacterial bioflocculant 2.17 Application of bioflocculant derived from different microorganism References CHAPTER 3 - Characterization of complex wastewater using high-throughput techniques 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Physicochemical characteristics of river water 3.1.2 Physicochemical characteristics of saline water 3.1.3 Municipal wastewater 3.2 Site description and sampling 3.3 Physicochemical characteristics 3.4 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis 3.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis 3.6 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis 3.7 X-ray diffraction analysis 3.8 Dynamic light scattering analysis 3.9 Particle size distribution 3.10 Field emission-scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis 3.11 Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis 3.12 Toxicity studies 3.12.1 Comet assay 3.12.2 MN assay 3.12.3 Histological analysis 3.13 Contaminants in industrial wastewater 3.14 Conclusion References Chapter 4 - Bacterial bioflocculant as bioengineers in wastewater treatment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bioflocculating mechanism in wastewater treatment 4.3 Removal of organic compounds 4.3.1 GC-MS analysis 4.3.2 HR-LCMS analysis 4.3.3 FTIR analysis 4.4 Removal of fluorescent compounds 4.4.1 3D-EEM analysis 4.5 Removal of elements 4.5.1 XPS analysis 4.5.2 XRD analysis 4.6 SEM analysis 4.7 PSD with zeta potential analysis 4.8 Toxicity studies 4.8.1 Histopathology 4.8.2 Genotoxicity assay 4.8.2.1 CM assay 4.8.2.2 MN assay 4.9 Application of bacterial bioflocculants 4.9.1 Efficiency of bacterial bioflocculants produced from wastewater 4.9.2 Bacterial bioflocculants for removal of organic pollutants and turbidity 4.9.3 Bacterial bioflocculants for removal of heavy metals 4.10 Plant-derived bioflocculants in wastewater treatment 4.10.1 Preparation of plant bioflocculants 4.10.2 Application of plant bioflocculants 4.10.3 Mechanism of plant bioflocculation 4.10.4 Wastewater treatment using plant-based grafted bioflocculants 4.11 Summary References CHAPTER 5 - Application of bacterial bioflocculant for the synthesis of biocapped metal nanoparticles and their multifunct ... 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Nanomaterials and techniques for water and wastewater treatment 5.2.1 Metal nanoparticles with zerovalent ions 5.2.2 Nanoparticles of iron 5.2.3 Nanoparticles of zinc 5.2.4 Nanoparticles of metal oxides 5.2.5 Nanoparticles of titanium oxide 5.2.6 Nanoparticles of zinc oxide 5.2.7 Nanoparticles of iron oxides 5.2.8 Carbon nanomaterials 5.2.9 Nanocomposites 5.2.10 Metal-oxide nanoadsorbent 5.2.11 Nanoadsorption 5.2.12 Nanomembrane filtration 5.2.13 Nanophotocatalytic technology 5.2.14 Antimicrobial nanomaterials 5.3 Bacterial bioflocculant for the synthesis of biocapped metal nanoparticles 5.4 Bacterial bioflocculant and Bio@NPs interaction 5.5 Characterization of bacterial bioflocculant and Bio@NPs 5.6 Multifunctional features of bacterial bioflocculant and Bio@NPs 5.6.1 Antitumor activity 5.6.2 Biosorption for heavy metal removal 5.6.3 Mosquitocidal activity 5.6.4 Biofilm inhibition activity 5.6.4.1 In situ visualization of biofilm by CLSM analysis 5.7 Conclusion References CHAPTER 6 - Implications of bacterial bioflocculant for public health demands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Public health demands 6.3 Impact of chemical flocculants on health and environment 6.4 Advantages of using bacterial bioflocculants 6.5 Handling of chemical flocculants vs. bioflocculants 6.6 Public acceptance 6.7 Bacterial bioflocculant for water purification 6.8 Recovery of sludge 6.9 Elimination of microbial pathogens in contaminated water 6.10 Eradication of mosquito breeding sites in waste water 6.11 Management of industrial effluents 6.12 Recycling of agricultural wastes 6.13 Recent advancements in miscellaneous applications 6.13.1 Feedstocks for various industrial applications 6.14 Challenges faced by bacterial bioflocculant References Chapter 7 - Summary and future perspectives 7.1 Summary 7.2 Future perspectives Index