The Philosophy of the Enlightenment: The Christian Burgess and the Enlightenment
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Goldman presents the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century and analyzes the "mental structures" of the outlook of the philosophes. The philosophes showed that the authoritarianism of the ancien régime and the privileges of the Church were irrational anachronisms, and pleaded for institutions founded on reason. Goldmann demonstrates that the basic values of freedom, equality, and respect for the individual are created by the development of a market economy and the growth of a middle class. The dialectical critique of bourgeois society concentrates on the concomitant "alienation"; but socialist states seem bound to neglect or destroy the individual values.
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