Respiratory Physiology (Mosby Physiology Series)

Description

Gain a foundational understanding of respiratory physiology and how the respiratory system functions in health and disease. Respiratory Physiology, a volume in the Mosby Physiology Series, explains the fundamentals of this complex subject in a clear and concise manner, while helping you bridge the gap between normal function and disease with pathophysiology content throughout the book. Helps you easily master the material in a systems-based curriculum with learning objectives, Clinical Concept boxes, highlighted key words and concepts, chapter summaries, self-study questions, and a comprehensive exam. Keeps you current with recent advances in respiratory physiology, and includes a new chapter on new and emerging aspects of the lung. Includes nearly 150 clear, 2-color diagrams that simplify complex concepts. Features clinical commentaries that show you how to apply what you've learned to real-life clinical situations. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Complete the Mosby Physiology Series! Systems-based and portable, these titles are ideal for integrated programs. Blaustein, Kao, & Matteson: Cellular Physiology and Neurophysiology Johnson: Gastrointestinal Physiology Koeppen & Stanton: Renal Physiology Pappano & Weir: Cardiovascular Physiology White, Harrison, & Mehlmann: Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Hudnall: Hematology: A Pathophysiologic Approach Series Page......Page 2 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY......Page 3 Copyright......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 PREFACE......Page 6 BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM......Page 7 Alveolar–Capillary Unit......Page 11 Pulmonary Circulation......Page 12 The Muscles of Respiration......Page 15 Anatomic and Physiologic Correlates......Page 16 Additional Readings......Page 20 Lung Volumes......Page 21 Lung Compliance and Lung Elastic Properties......Page 22 Compliance of the Respiratory System......Page 24 Factors Determining Lung Volume......Page 25 Lung–Chest Wall Interactions......Page 26 Surface Tension......Page 28 Surfactant......Page 29 Alveolar Interdependence......Page 32 Resistance......Page 35 Lung Resistance......Page 38 Lung Volume and Airway Resistance......Page 39 Dynamic Compliance......Page 40 Dynamic Airway Compression and Flow Limitation......Page 42 The Work of Breathing......Page 45 Inert Gas Dilution Technique......Page 50 Plethysmography......Page 51 Spirogram Display......Page 52 Interpreting the Vital Capacity Maneuver......Page 55 Other Useful Tests of Lung Function......Page 57 Emphysema......Page 58 Anemia......Page 59 Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance......Page 60 Measurement of Lung Compliance......Page 61 When Should Pulmonary Function Tests be Used......Page 62 Composition of a Gas Mixture......Page 66 Alveolar Gas Composition......Page 67 Distribution of Ventilation......Page 70 Tests of Distribution of Ventilation......Page 72 Physiologic Dead Space Ventilation......Page 74 Aging......Page 76 Pulmonary Blood Flow......Page 80 Bronchial Blood Flow......Page 81 Pressures and Flows in the Pulmonary Circulation......Page 83 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance......Page 84 Gravity and Effects on Pulmonary Blood Flow......Page 85 Effects of Pressure Changes on Extraalveolar and Alveolar Vessels......Page 86 The Alveolar–Capillary Network......Page 87 The Pulmonary Lymphatic System......Page 88 Active Regulation of Blood Flow......Page 90 Measurement of Pulmonary Vascular Pressures......Page 92 7 - Ventilation (), Perfusion (), and Their Relationships......Page 97 Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio......Page 96 Alveolar–Arterial Difference......Page 98 Anatomic Shunt......Page 100 Physiologic Shunt......Page 101 Hypoventilation......Page 102 Mechanisms of Hypercarbia......Page 103 Effect of Ventilation–Perfusion Regional Differences......Page 104 GAS DIFFUSION......Page 107 Diffusion Limitation......Page 109 Hemoglobin Structure......Page 112 Oxygen Saturation......Page 113 The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve......Page 114 Temperature......Page 115 Carbon Monoxide......Page 117 Tissue Hypoxia......Page 118 Carbon Dioxide Production, Metabolism, and Diffusion......Page 119 Bicarbonate......Page 120 Carbamino Compounds......Page 121 Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve......Page 122 Types of Acid–Base Abnormalities......Page 125 Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis......Page 127 Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms......Page 128 Renal Compensation......Page 129 Base Excess and Anion Gap......Page 131 Step 2: Is the Primary Disorder of Respiratory or Metabolic Origin......Page 132 Step 4: What Is the Alveolar–Arterial Oxygen Difference (AaDo2)......Page 133 The Respiratory Control Center......Page 137 Overview of Ventilatory Control......Page 136 Central Chemoreceptors......Page 139 Peripheral Chemoreceptors......Page 141 Chest Wall and Lung Reflexes......Page 143 Response to Carbon Dioxide......Page 144 Response to Hypoxia......Page 145 Abnormalities in Control of Breathing......Page 146 AEROSOL DEPOSITION IN THE LUNG......Page 151 Inhaled Toxicants, Air Pollution, and Disease......Page 152 Periciliary Fluid......Page 154 Cilia......Page 155 Phagocytic and Inflammatory Cells......Page 157 Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)......Page 161 Lung Diseases Associated with Abnormalities of Lung Defense......Page 163 Diseases Associated with Abnormalities in Innate and Adaptive Immunity......Page 164 12 - The Lung Under Special Circumstances......Page 169 Pulmonary Blood Flow During Exercise......Page 168 Exercise Testing......Page 171 Fetal Respiration Development......Page 172 Postnatal Development......Page 175 High Altitude and Acclimatization......Page 176 Chapter 3......Page 179 Chapter 5......Page 180 Chapter 7......Page 181 Chapter 9......Page 182 Chapter 11......Page 183 Chapter 12......Page 184 B - Multiple-Choice Examination......Page 185 Answers to Multiple-Choice Examination......Page 189 2.1 Gases......Page 190 2.4 Gas Solubility......Page 191 2.5 Airflow in Airways......Page 192 Hemoglobin......Page 193