Bacterial Diseases

Description

Bacterial Diseases provides readers an overview of a broad variety of bacterial infections. Chapters cover the description of specific disease and its causative agent, followed by information about symptoms, diagnosis and clinical management. This easy-to-read resource is a suitable introductory textbook for pharmacy, medical, and dental students, as well as M Phil, and Ph.D. candidates for Pharmacology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Pharmacy, Biotechnology and allied health science programs. Readers interested in a simple clinical summary of bacterial diseases can also benefit from the information provided. Key Features:- Coverage of a broad spectrum of bacterial infections over 41 topical chapters- Easy-to-read presentation which provides a basic description of diseases covered to clinical diagnosis and management- Emphasis on the route of infection- References for further reading Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Preface List of Contributors Anthrax: A Bacillus Anthracis Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Sidra Zafar INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Pneumonia: An Inflammation of Lungs Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Sadaf Noor INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Bacterial Tooth Decay: Streptococcus mutans is the Major Cause Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Shaiza Ali INTRODUCTION CAUSES PREVALENCE SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Clinical Methods Radiographic Methods Technology-Based Methods MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Tuberculosis: A Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Faryal Batool INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS RISK FACTORS Weak Immune System Poverty and Malnutrition Living in Areas which are at High Risk of Tuberculosis PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION DIAGNOSIS Tuberculin Skin Test Sputum Smear Staining Test Interferon Gamma Release Assays Test (IGRAs) Chest Radiography TREATMENT VACCINATION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Leptospirosis: An Infection Which Leads to Kidney & Liver Damage Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Ghalia Batool Alvi INTRODUCTION GLOBAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY Etiology Geographical Location Temperature Professional Activities Pet Animals Wounded Skin SYMPTOMS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS DIAGNOSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS Direct Microscopic Examination Gene-Based Techniques Polymerase Chain Reaction Isothermal Techniques Serological Methods Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) Elisa Other Techniques TREATMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES Caution CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Syphilis: A Disease Which Spreads Through Sexual Contact Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Rabia Hussain INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Leprosy: An Infection Which Leads Characterized by Granulomata Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Maleeha Batool INTRODUCTION SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT First-line Drugs Vaccines CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Burn Infection: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus are the Major Pathogens Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Momal Tariq INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS AND TYPES TREATMENT PREVENTION DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT Medication Surgery Traditional Treatments CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Gas Gangrene: Clostridial Myonecrosis Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Hafiza Sobia Khan INTRODUCTION CAUSES OF GAS GANGRENE A Limited Supply of Blood Trauma Infection PREVENTION PREVALENCE DIAGNOSIS Blood Test Surgery Tissue Culturing Imaging Test MANAGEMENT Surgery Antibiotics Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Accumulation of Fluids in the Abdomen in Abnormal Way Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Sadia Ishfaq INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS CAUSES BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Relapsing Fever: Transmitted by Ticks and Lice Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Rimshah Khan INTRODUCTION TYPES AND CAUSES OF RELAPSING FEVER EFFECTS AND SYMPTOMS TREATMENT POSSIBILITY OF CONTROL CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Rat-bite Fever: Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Rameen Fatima INTRODUCTION STREPTOBACILLOSIS SPIRILLOSIS SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS PREVENTIVE MEASURES MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Brucellosis: A Brucella Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Nadia Wazir INTRODUCTION RISK FACTORS THAT EFFECTS THE DISEASE SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE DIAGNOSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS TREATMENT Complications of Brucellosts Prevention Measures of Brucellosis CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Mycetoma: An Infection by the Formation of Grains on Skin Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Hira Jamil INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Plague: Yersinia Pestis Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir*, Saif Ur Rehman and Afshan Saleem INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC TEST VACCINE ANTIBIOTICS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES MRSA Infections: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Shahpara Rehman INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MRSA CAUSES LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS ANTIBIOTICS ACTIVITY AGAINST MRSA Topical Agents Oral Agents Oral and Intravenous Agents Intravenous Agents Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections CONTROL CHALLENGES Infection Control - Primary Avoidance Infection Control - Secondary Prevention CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Otitis Media: An Inflammation of the Ear Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Fahad Zafar INTRODUCTION CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Yaws Disease: A Treponema Pallidum Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Rahat Bano INTRODUCTION CAUSE PREVALENCE SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Pharyngitis: An Inflammation of the Throat Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Jaleel Ahmad INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Gonorrhea: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae is the Causative Agent Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Maria Rizvi INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Chlamydia: A Common Sexually Transmitted Disease Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Saba Ghafoor INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Serology Culture Antigen Detection PCR Antibody Detection CFT MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Typhoid Fever: Salmonella is the Causative Agent Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Ayesha Altaf INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Q Fever: A Coxiella Burnetii Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Adeela Awan INTRODUCTION PREVALENCE CAUSES OF Q FEVER FORMS OF Q FEVER Acute Q Fever Symptoms of Acute Q Fever Chronic Q Fever Symptoms of Chronic Q Fever DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Buruli Ulcer: Mycobacterium Ulcerans is the Causative Agent Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Munaza Gilani INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory Diagnosis DISEASE MANAGEMENT Medicines Surgery Heat Treatment Vaccines Other Preventive Measures CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Whooping Cough: Bordetella Pertussis is the Causative Agent Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Ramsha Shahzad INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT Vaccines for Pertussis CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Tetanus (Lockjaw): A Clostridum Tetani Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Iqra Shahzadi INTRODUCTION CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS COMPLICATIONS MAY COMPRISE TREATMENT VACCINATION PREVENTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Diphtheria: Corynebacterium Diphtheria is the Causative Agent Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Asma Jan Muhammad INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS ICS Test Elek's Test PCR Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) MANAGEMENT Antitoxin Antibiotics Vaccines Prevention CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Cholera: A Waterborne Disease Characterized by Diarrhea Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Azra Yasmeen INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Dipstick Test for Diagnosis of Cholera Cholkit Test Slide Agglutination Test Polymerase Chain Reaction MANAGEMENT OF CHOLERA Vaccines Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine Dukoral Shanchol Euvichol Rotavirus Vaccine Oral Rehydration Therapy Antibiotics PREVENTIONS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Impetigo: A Skin Infection Caused by Streptococci and Staphylococci Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Iqra Jamshaid INTRODUCTION PREVALENCE DIAGNOSIS Non-bullous Impetigo Ecthyma Bullous Impetigo TREATMENT TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS Fusidic Acid Mupirocin ORAL ANTIBIOTICS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Lyme Disease: A Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Sidra Noureen INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS Erythema Migrans Arthritis Heart Problem Neurological and Other Symptoms DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Peptic Ulcer: A Helicobacter Pylori Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Fatima Rehan INTRODUCTION PREVALENCE AND CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Condition Caused by Endotoxin Produced by Staphylococcus Aureus Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Aleena Ahmad Somroo INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Scarlet Fever: An Infection Symptomized by Red Rash All Over the Body with High Fever Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Iqra Ali Yameen INTRODUCTION CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Listeriosis: A Foodborne Disease Caused by Listeria Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Mahnoor khan INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT REFERENCES Bacterial Meningitis: An Inflammation of Meninges by Bacteria Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Irtiqa Masood INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Nosocomial Infections: Hospital Acquired Infections Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Mahreen Fatima INTRODUCTION TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION The Anticipation of Gram-Negative Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection Agents of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection BACTERIOLOGY OF COMMONLY ISOLATED NOSOCOMIAL UTI PATHOGENS 1. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 2. Escherichia Coli SOURCES AND TERMINATION OF INFECTIONS RISK FACTORS FOR NOSOCOMIAL URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS MODIFICATION OF RISK FACTOR AND SURVEILLANCE CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Campylobacteriosis: A Food Borne Illness Caused by Campylobacter Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Zunaira Akhtar INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Culturing Techniques PCR Based Assay DNA Microarray MANAGEMENT Prevention TREATMENTS Antibiotics Alternatives CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Brucellosis: Undulant Fever, Malta Fever, Gibraltar Fever or Bang’s Disease Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Afia Javaid INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS Other Complications DIAGNOSIS Molecular Based Methods Culturing Techniques Serological Test TREATMENT PREVENTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Trench Fever: A Bartonella Quintana Infection Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Basra Manzoor INTRODUCTION CAUSES PREVALENCE SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS Culture Test Serologic PCR Biopsy MANAGEMENT Medicine Surgery PREVENTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Urinary Tract Infection: An Infection Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria especially E. coli Muhammad Imran Qadir* and Muhammad Mubashar Idrees INTRODUCTION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index Back Cover