Inferences with Ignorance : Logics of Questions: Inferential Erotetic Logic & Erotetic Epistemic Logic

Description

Inferences with Ignorance focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of “direct answers,” demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication. COVER......Page 1 CONTENTS......Page 5 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK......Page 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 12 1.1 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND INFERENCES......Page 13 1.1.1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS......Page 14 1.1.2 INFERENCES WITH QUESTIONS......Page 16 1.2 SET-OF-ANSWERS METHODOLOGY......Page 17 1.2.1 SEMANTICS OF QUESTIONS......Page 18 1.2.2 SETS OF ANSWERS......Page 19 1.3 SAM IN THE RECENT HISTORY OF EROTETIC LOGIC......Page 21 1.3.1 INFERENTIAL EROTETIC LOGIC......Page 22 1.3.2 INTENSIONAL EROTETIC LOGIC......Page 23 1.4 EPISTEMIC ASPECTS OF SAM......Page 24 1.4.1 I DON’T KNOW ANSWER......Page 26 2.1.1 ADAPTED SET-OF-ANSWERS METHODOLOGY IN IEL......Page 29 2.1.3 MODEL-BASED APPROACH......Page 31 2.1.4 BASIC PROPERTIES OF QUESTIONS......Page 33 2.2.1 EVOCATION......Page 34 2.2.2 PRESUPPOSITIONS......Page 37 2.3.1 EROTETIC IMPLICATION......Page 41 2.3.2 EVOCATION AND EROTETIC IMPLICATION......Page 46 2.3.3 COMPARING QUESTIONS: RELATIONS BETWEEN QUESTIONSBASED ON DIRECT ANSWERS......Page 48 2.3.4 QUESTIONS AND SETS OF QUESTIONS......Page 51 2.4 INFERENTIAL EROTETIC LOGIC (FINAL REMARKS)......Page 58 3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 61 3.2 SINGLE-AGENT PROPOSITIONAL EPISTEMIC LOGICAND QUESTIONS......Page 63 3.2.1 INCORPORATING QUESTIONS......Page 64 3.2.2 SOME IMPORTANT CLASSES OF QUESTIONS......Page 68 3.3 EPISTEMIC EROTETIC IMPLICATION......Page 71 3.4 ASKABILITY AND ANSWERHOOD......Page 73 3.5 CONTEXT......Page 76 3.6 IMPLIED QUESTIONS......Page 78 4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 81 4.2 MULTI-AGENT PROPOSITIONAL EPISTEMIC LOGIC WITHQUESTIONS......Page 82 4.2.1 GROUP EPISTEMIC MODALITIES......Page 83 4.2.2 GROUP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERHOOD......Page 85 4.3 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT......Page 87 4.3.1 UPDATES AND QUESTIONS......Page 89 4.3.2 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT AND ANSWERHOOD......Page 91 4.3.3 ANSWER MINING IN A GROUP......Page 92 4.4 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT LOGIC WITH QUESTIONS(FINAL REMARKS)......Page 95 5.1 THE STARTING POINT: SAM......Page 97 5.2 MAIN RESULTS......Page 98 5.3.1 SAM AND CONTEXT CONDITION OF ASKABILITY......Page 100 5.3.3 INFERENCES WITH QUESTIONS......Page 101 5.4 RELATED WORK......Page 102 5.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS (SOME OF THEM)......Page 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 107