Equity in Health and Health Promotion in Urban Areas: Multidisciplinary Interventions at International and National Level

Description

The book explores approaches, methods and best practices related to health promotion in urban areas. Thanks to the increasingly tight connection among urbanism, architecture, bioethics, anthropology, sociology and medicine, we are now reaching an “ecological” health perspective. This new viewpoint has pushed the study of social health determinants and their unequal distribution in the population, resulting in the study of the generation of structurally-determined differences in health and healthcare. There is the need to make use of a unitary framework in order to understand the intertwining of multidimensional dynamics that define the urban context and the need to disseminate, enhance, and improve existing interventions in the field. This volume consequently results in the discussion and comparison of contents and methods to be implemented in multidisciplinary interventions related to the promotion of community-based healthcare and health in the urban setting.  The book represents a useful opportunity for scientific growth and international sharing of methodologies that can help develop a common language and approach to be shared across different academic spheres. This is not only an exchange of knowledge among different fields of study, but also the creation of foundations for creating an increasingly complex network of scientific culture and operational collaborations to transfer knowledge and attract academic and public attention, influencing decision-makers and gaining advocacy accordingly. Preface Contents Integrated Approaches to Urban Health Urban Regeneration between Well-Being, Social Determinants and Sustainable Development Goals 1 Introduction 2 Public Health: From the Ethical Value to Social Determinants 3 Post Covid19 Living Needs: A Question of Quality 4 Conclusions References Public Health Approach to Outdoor Urban Health 1 Introduction: The Impact of Urbanization on Our Mental, Social and Physical Health 2 The Environmental Pollution 3 The Public Transport 4 Urban Environment and Individual Lifestyles 4.1 Physical Activity 4.2 Diet and Nutrition 5 The Community Approach 6 Brief Concluding Remarks References Security, Health and Social Exclusion in Urban Contexts. A Sociological Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Social Exclusion and Urban Trends 3 Territorial Stigmatization and Colonial Sociability 4 Urban Security, Health and the Struggle for Emancipation 5 Conclusion References From the Phenomenological Redefinition of Body to Inequalities in Health 1 Types of the Embodiment of Inequality, Social Injustice and Environmental Distress 2 Conclusions References Well-Being in Urban Agglomerations Pathways for Therapy and Urban Health in the Field of Mental Suffering. Illness Narratives from a Residential Complex for Public Housing Assistance in Rome, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Discussion: Therapeutic Pathways and Incorporation of Inequalities 4 Conclusions References Does Urbanization Correlate with Health Service Assistance? an Observational Study in Rome, Italy 1 Introduction 1.1 Administrative Divisions 1.2 Historical and Urban Planning Overview of the Contexts Analyzed 2 Objective, Materials and Methods 2.1 Objective 2.2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Walkable Urban Environment to Prevent Chronic Diseases and Improve Wellbeing, an Experience of Urban Health in the Local Health Unit Roma 1 1 Introduction 1.1 The Context of Rome 1.2 Walking as a Component in the Urban Mobility 2 Objective, Materials and Methods 2.1 Census Data 2.2 T-WSI, Training and Measurement 3 Preliminary Results and Discussion 3.1 Census and Context Variables 3.2 Walkability Index Measurement 4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References Housing and Health in Urban Areas 1 Introduction 2 Housing Needs and Possible Answers 3 Conclusions References Health, Well-Being, Good Living. Architectural Attempts with Acupuncture-Type Regenerations for Quito, Cairo and the Baghère Region 1 Introduction 2 Quito and the Panecillo Hill 3 The San Lazaro Hospice. A New House for Women with Accommodation, Support, and Public Spaces 4 The El Sena Swimming Pool. A Leisure Center, Spaces for Handicrafts, Workshops for the Manufacture of Housing Prototypes for the Poorest People 5 Bab El-Wazir Street in Cairo. A Look at the Spontaneous to Study the Good Life. A Social Centre for Women and a Dispensary 6 Baghère and Its Region. A Women's House and Accompanying Buildings to Reconsider Environmental, Social, and Mental Ecology 7 Conclusion References We for Us: Collective Action in the Favelas During the Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Building Democracy and the Right to Health in Brazil 3 Subjectivation, Organization, and Collective Action in Favelas 4 Pandemic: Reframing, Symbolic Disputes, and Materials 4.1 Reframing the Pandemic: From Symbolic Disputes to Action Plans 4.2 Production of Knowledge and Technologies 4.3 Territorial Management, Resource Mobilization, and Political Incidence 5 Final Considerations References Empower Shack Housing 1 Introduction 2 Power to the People 2.1 Discordia Concors 2.2 It’s a Question of Perspective 2.3 Blocking-Out, Basic and Advanced 2.4 BT Section C 2.5 Test Case: Phumezo’s Shack 2.6 Getting from One to Many 2.7 Financing and Subsidies 2.8 Ideas and Obstacles 3 The Power of the Collective 3.1 Participation 3.2 (Em) Power 4 Conclusion References Measuring Disability Among Migrant People in Urban Area 1 Background 1.1 Healthcare Service and Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Italy 1.2 Reception Centers for Refugees and Asylum Seekers 2 Measuring Disability Among Migrants 3 Preliminary Data 4 Discussion References Conclusions. From a Multidisciplinary Cultural Approach to an Integrated Organization of the City, to Build Health Capabilities 1 The Conceptual Framework of the Contextual and Multidisciplinary Strategy for Health 2 Multidisciplinary Approach for Urban Health Policies 3 A Bottom-Up Strategy to Transfer Effective Practices 3.1 Recommendation 1—New Capabilities, Created Through Community 3.2 Recommendation 2—New Common Vision and Community Cooperation and Integration to Promote Health and Equity 3.3 Recommendation 3—New Distributed Leadership to Involve Bottom-Up Professionals and Citizens in Cooperative and Integrated Practices 3.4 Recommendation 4—New Social Mechanisms to Create Intentionally and Systematically Cooperation and Integrated Processes to Promote Health and Equity 3.5 Recommendation 5—New Value and Measurement of the Quality and the Common Meanings of the Relationships and Exchanges in the Community 4 From Social Determinants to Determining Societies References