The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011

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When protests erupted in response to the 2010 Egyptian parliament elections that were widely viewed as fraudulent, many wondered. Why now? Voters had never witnessed free and fair elections in the past, so why did these elicit such an outcry? To answer this question, Weipert-Fenner conducted the first study of politics in modern Egypt from a parliamentary perspective. Contrary to the prevailing opinion that autocratic parliaments are meaningless, token institutions, Weipert-Fenner’s long-term analysis shows that parliament can be an indicator, catalyst, and agent of change in an authoritarian regime. Comparing parliamentary dynamics over decades, Weipert-Fenner demonstrates that autocratic parliaments can grow stronger within a given political system. They can also become contentious when norms regarding policies, political actors, and institutions are violated on a large scale and/or at a fast pace. Most importantly, a parliament can even turn against the executive when parliamentary rights are withdrawn or when widely shared norms are violated. These and other recurrent patterns of institutional relations identified in The Autocratic Parliament help explain long spans of stable, yet never stagnant, authoritarian rule in colonial and postcolonial periods alike, as well as the different types of regime change that Egypt has witnessed: those brought about by external intervention, by revolution, or by military coup. Contents Illustrations Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Parliamentary Agency under Monarchic Rule, 1866–1952 Parliamentary Contention and Innovation in the Egyptian Republic, 1952–2010 Fighting over Economic Policies and the Role of the State Parliament, Representation, and the Politicization of Identities Autocratic Institutional Norms and Contesting the Democratic Façade The Autocratic Parliament beyond Mubarak’s Egypt Bibliography Index