Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing and Healthcare Quality Improvement

Description

CONTENTS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE for NURSING and HEALTHCARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE for NURSING and HEALTHCARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Copyright ABOUT THE AUTHORS CONTRIBUTORS REVIEWERS TO THE FACULTY TO THE STUDENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTENTS I - Introduction 1 - Overview of Evidence-Based Practice HISTORICAL OVERVIEW DEFINITION OF TERMS THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE STEPS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE TEAM ENGAGING CONSUMERS IN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CALL TO ACTION SYNTHESIS REFERENCES 2 - Models and Evidence COMPARING RESEARCH, EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Models of Evidence-Based Practice THE IOWA MODEL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE Selection of a Topic Forming a Team Evidence Retrieval Grading the Evidence Critical Appraisal and Synthesis of Evidence Proposing Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Development of the Evidence-Based Practice Implementation and Dissemination of the Practice Change Evaluation of the Practice Change SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES II - Processes of Developing EBP and Questions inVarious Clinical Settings 3 - Developing Compelling Clinical Questions INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A CLINICAL QUESTION? WHY ARE CLINICAL QUESTIONS IMPORTANT? SOURCES OF CLINICAL QUESTIONS TYPES OF CLINICAL/PICO QUESTIONS CLINICAL QUESTIONS DIFFER FROM RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES SYNTHESIS REFERENCES 4 - Search and Critical Appraisal of the Literature EVIDENCE IS HIERARCHICAL METALITERACY WHERE TO START BEYOND THE PUBLISHED EVIDENCE ASK a Background Question ASK A “PICO” QUESTION A Simple Search, Translating a PICO Question An Advanced Search: Expanding the Quest for Evidence Narrowing Search Results: Filtering Organizing, Evaluating, and Sharing the Evidence ASSESS/APPRAISE/SYNTHESIZE SYNTHESIS REFERENCES 5 - Principles of Assessing Research Quality ISSUES RELATING TO MAXIMIZING APPLICABILITY OF FINDINGS TO PRACTICE AN OBJECTIVELY CONCEPTUALIZED RESEARCH QUESTION HOMOGENOUS SAMPLE DATA COLLECTION CONSTANCY INTERVENTION FIDELITY INTERNAL VALIDITY EXTERNAL VALIDITY Selection Effects Reactive Effects Measurement Effects SYNTHESIS Quantitative Research REFERENCES 6 - Intervention Studies INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF INTERVENTION STUDIES TYPES OF INTERVENTION STUDIES TYPES OF DATA IN INTERVENTION STUDIES CRITICALLY APPRAISING INTERVENTION RESEARCH SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 7 - Observational Studies INTRODUCTION OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES Observational Studies PURPOSE OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES TYPES OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES Cohort Studies Case Control Studies Case Series Survey Studies TYPES OF DATA AND DATA ANALYSES IN OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES CRITICALLY APPRAISING OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 8 - Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines TYPES OF REVIEWS Integrative Reviews Critically Appraising Systematic Reviews CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IMPLEMENTING CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES Appraising Clinical Practice Guidelines SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 9 - Qualitative Studies INTRODUCTION QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGIES AND WORLDVIEW PHENOMENOLOGY GROUNDED THEORY ETHNOGRAPHY CASE STUDY METASYNTHESIS KEY DIFFERENCES IN QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGIES DATA ANALYSIS SCIENTIFIC RIGOR IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 10 - Understanding Statistics for Evidence-Based Practice INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS APPLIED TO AN EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECT: DATA Levels of Measurement DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL CONCEPTS APPLIED TO EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECTS Descriptive Statistics: Frequencies, Measures of Central Tendency, and Distribution of Data CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM IN PRACTICE INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Testing for Significance or Hypothesis Testing Framework Confidence Interval Framework READ, INTERPRET, AND UNDERSTAND EVIDENCE-BASED LITERATURE STATISTICS Intervention Studies Statistics Common to Intervention Studies OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES Statistics Common to Diagnosis Studies Statistics Common to Prognosis Articles Statistics Common to Harm Articles META-ANALYSIS Statistics Common to Meta-Analysis SYNTHESIS-STATISTICAL ANALYSES KEY POINTS REFERENCES III - Implementation 11 - Evidence-Based Approaches for Improving Healthcare Quality THE CLINICAL LEADER’S ROLE IN HEALTH CARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT NATIONAL GOALS AND STRATEGIES FOR HEALTH CARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT QUALITY STRATEGY LEVERS Measuring Health Care Quality Benchmarking COMMON QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PERSPECTIVES AND MODELS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STEPS AND TOOLS Leading a Quality Improvement Team Improvement Process Step 1: Assessment Improvement Process Step 2: Analysis Trending Variation in System Performance with Run and Control Charts Graphs Cause and Effect Diagrams Flowcharting Improvement Process Step 3: Develop a Plan for Improvement Improvement Process Step 4: Test and Implement the Improvement Plan TAKING ON THE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT CHALLENGE AND LEADING THE WAY SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 12 - Planning for Success INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF AN IMPLEMENTATION MODEL THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE TOPIC The Team QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AS A FOUNDATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION ACTION PLANS ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 13 - Launching Implementation INTRODUCTION IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES THAT ADDRESS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLINICAL TOPIC IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES THAT ADDRESS COMMUNICATION SUSTAINABILITY SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS 14 - Implementation Strategies for Stakeholders USERS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE Performance Gap Assessment Audit and Feedback Piloting the Change Meetings SOCIAL SYSTEM (CONTEXT) Overview Organizational Capacity Leadership Implementation Strategies to Address the Social System/Practice Context Environmental Scan Meetings with Key Leadership Stakeholders Standards of Practice and Documentation Systems Recognition and Rewards SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 15 - Patient-Centered Evidence-Based Practices INTRODUCTION CLINICAL SCENARIO PATIENT EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SHARED DECISION MAKING EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT SHARED DECISION MAKING SHARED DECISION-MAKING AIDS EVIDENCE-BASED METHODS TO DEVELOP PATIENT ENGAGEMENT TOOLS PATIENT ACTIVATION HEALTH LITERACY AND NUMERACY STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH LITERACY AND NUMERACY PATIENT ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS AGAINST PATIENT ENGAGEMENT CONTEXTUAL BARRIERS AGAINST PATIENT ENGAGEMENT SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES IV - Evaluation and Dissemination 16 - Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practice INTRODUCTION METHODS FOR EVALUATION WHAT TO MEASURE FISCAL OUTCOMES DATA SOURCES ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF DATA EVALUATION SUMMARY FOR KEY STAKEHOLDERS SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES 17 - Dissemination INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLES OF DISSEMINATION INTENDED AUDIENCE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE(S) OF DISSEMINATION TYPES OF DISSEMINATION DISSEMINATION VENUES TRADITIONAL METHODS SOCIAL MEDIA ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN DISSEMINATION OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROJECTS SYNTHESIS KEY POINTS REFERENCES Appendix A B APPENDIX APPENDIX C Appendix D E Appendix F Appendix Appendix G Appendix H GLOSSARY INDEX A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y SPECIAL FEATURES