Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino: Practical Audio Circuits with Arduino Control

Description

Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino: Practical Audio Circuits with Arduino Control teaches the reader how to use Arduino to control analogue audio circuits and introduces electronic circuit theory through a series of practical projects, including a MIDI drum controller and an Arduino-controlled two-band audio equalizer amplifier. Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino provides all the theoretical knowledge needed to design, analyse, and build audio circuits for amplification and filtering, with additional topics like C programming being introduced in a practical context for Arduino control. The reader will learn how these circuits work and also how to build them, allowing them to progress to more advanced audio circuits in the future. Beginning with electrical fundamentals and control systems, DC circuit theory is then combined with an introduction to C programming to build Arduino-based systems for audio (tone sequencer) and MIDI (drum controller) output. The second half of the book begins with AC circuit theory to allow analogue audio circuits for amplification and filtering to be analysed, simulated, and built. These circuits are then combined with Arduino control in the final project - an Arduino-controlled two-band equalizer amplifier. Building on high-school physics and mathematics in an accessible way, Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino is suitable for readers of all levels. An ideal tool for those studying audio electronics, including as a component within other fields of study, such as computer science, human-computer interaction, acoustics, music technology, and electronics engineering. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of contents Figures Tables Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Software tools Tinkercad LTspice Arduino IDE Equipment Arduino Uno Breadboard Switches and LEDs Resistors, capacitors and potentiometers Audio and MIDI components Other components Soldering Final component list Conclusions Chapter 1 Electronics fundamentals 1.1 Scales, symbols and equations 1.1.1 Worked ­example – adding voltages 1.1.2 Worked ­example – working with fractions 1.2 Electrical fundamentals 1.3 Tutorial – introduction to Tinkercad 1.4 Example project – getting started: an Arduino-powered LED light 1.5 Conclusions 1.6 Self-study questions Chapter 2 Systems and transducers 2.1 Electronic systems and transducers 2.2 Digital systems and Arduino control 2.3 Analogue to digital conversion – sampling 2.4 MIDI control systems 2.5 Audio sensors: switches, potentiometers and microphones 2.6 Audio actuators: LEDs and loudspeakers 2.7 Tutorial – working with components 2.8 Example project – sensor control of LED output 2.9 Conclusions 2.10 Self-study questions Notes Chapter 3 DC circuits 3.1 Ohm’s Law and direct current 3.1.1 Worked ­example – calculating a resistor value 3.2 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law: series circuits 3.2.1 Worked ­examples – calculating series resistance 3.2.2 Worked ­example – calculating series resistor voltages 3.3 Voltage dividers 3.3.1 Worked ­examples – voltage dividers 3.4 Kirchoff’s Current Law: parallel circuits 3.4.1 Worked ­examples – calculating parallel resistance 3.4.2 Worked ­examples – calculating parallel current 3.5 Tutorial: limiting current to protect components 3.6 Example projects: series and parallel circuits 3.6.1 Series circuit project 3.6.2 Parallel circuit project 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 Self-study questions Chapter 4 Digital systems 1 – Arduino output 4.1 Microprocessor control systems 4.2 Instruction types – sequence instructions 4.3 Example project 1 – Arduino digital output 4.5 Example 2 – multiple digital outputs 4.6 Functions – encapsulating code 4.7 Tutorial – how to write code part I 4.8 Example 3 – reusing code with functions 4.9 Analogue output – pulse width modulation 4.10 Example project – automatic tone player 4.11 Conclusions 4.12 Self-study questions Notes Chapter 5 Digital systems 2 – Arduino input 5.1 Programming recap 5.2 Data structures and iteration – arrays and loops 5.3 Example 1 – tone array output 5.4 Working with external libraries – serial MIDI output 5.5 Example 2 – MIDI sequence player 5.6 Conditions and digital input 5.7 Tutorial – how to write code part II 5.8 Example 3 – MIDI switch controller output 5.9 Analogue input – percussion sampling 5.10 Final project: MIDI drum trigger 5.11 Conclusions 5.12 Self-study questions Chapter 6 AC circuits 6.1 Audio signal fundamentals – sine waves 6.1.1 Worked ­example – varying the speed of sound 6.2 AC signals – amplitude, frequency and phase 6.2.1 Worked ­examples – finding the instantaneous voltage of a sine wave input signal 6.3 Capacitance – storing charge over time 6.3.1 Worked ­example – calculating the charge on a capacitor 6.3.2 Worked ­example – calculating capacitive reactance for different input frequencies 6.4 Impedance – combining AC components 6.4.1 Worked ­examples – analysing combined resistive and reactive circuits 6.5 Tutorial: installing LTspice 6.6 Example project – AC analysis with LTspice 6.6.1 Example project – circuit 1 6.6.2 Example project – circuit 2 6.7 Conclusions 6.8 Self-study questions Chapter 7 Audio amplifiers 7.1 Amplification 7.1.1 Worked ­examples – calculating decibel gain values 7.2 Semiconductors – diodes 7.3 Semiconductors – transistors 7.3.1 Worked ­example – simulating BJT characteristic curves using LTspice 7.3.2 Worked ­example – simulating a common emitter amplifier with LTspice 7.4 Operational amplifiers 7.4.1 Worked ­example – simulating an inverting amplifier with LTspice 7.5 DC blocking, power decoupling and Zobel networks 7.6 Example project: building an audio amplifier 7.7 Conclusions 7.8 Self-study questions Chapter 8 Audio filters 8.1 Decibels and equal loudness 8.2 Filter characteristics and Bode plots 8.3 First-order low-pass filter 8.3.1 Worked ­example – designing a first-order low-pass filter 8.3.2 Worked ­example – simulating a first-order low-pass filter using LTspice 8.4 First-order high-pass filter 8.4.1 Worked ­example – designing a first-order high-pass filter 8.4.2 Worked ­example – simulating a first-order high-pass filter with LTspice 8.4.3 Worked ­example – reading and writing audio files with LTspice 8.5 Controlling audio filters 8.6 Example project – audio amplifier with 2-band equalizer 8.7 Conclusions 8.8 Self-study questions Chapter 9 Arduino audio control 9.1 Final project overview 9.1.1 Project components 9.2 Arduino state control 9.2.1 Worked ­example – Arduino state control 9.3 Arduino digital filter control 9.4 Final project – Arduino-controlled audio amplifier with 2-band equalizer 9.5 Conclusions Chapter 10 Conclusions 10.1 Future work 10.1.1 Electronics fundamentals 10.1.2 Arduino control 10.1.3 Audio electronics 10.2 Final notes Appendix 1 Self-study questions Appendix 2 AC equation derivations (­chapter 6) Appendix 3 Standard component values Index