Human Enactment of Intelligent Technologies: Towards Mètis and Mindfulness

Description

This book demystifies what artificial intelligence is, examines its strength and limitations in comparison to what humans are capable of, and investigates the nature of human adaptive expertise across the concept of mètis. It also examines a particular family of mindsets that we as humans have adopted over the ages, namely epistemologies of representational knowledge. These representational perspectives have followed us into numerous fields, including how we perceive and comprehend human cognition - leading to 'with a hammer everything looks like a nail' syndrome. As such, this book presents the alternative phenomenological viewpoint of embodied direct reality within the cognitive sciences in the form of radical embodied cognition and, more importantly, how it allows us to better highlight and comprehend human mètis and its adaptive expertise. We then examine why we collectively continue to enact and perpetuate predominant mindsets of representations across the phenomena of mindlessness. To counter this, we re-visit the practice of individual and collective mindfulness, providing a potential 'beachhead' in our re-appropriation of technology (artificial intelligence) towards achieving the best of both worlds - that is, allowing human creativity and ingenuity to be expressed with artificial intelligence as a tool to help us do just that across meaningful human control. Finally, we conclude by examining current top-of-the-horizon activities and debates regarding quantum physics in relation to the human mind and artificial intelligence and how, once again, representational mindsets need not be the only tool in town. Contents About the Author Introduction Endnotes Chapter 1 What Do We Mean By Artificial “Intelligence”? 1.1. Introduction 1.2. What is AI? 1.2.1. Purely symbolic AI 1.2.2. Predominantly connectionist AI 1.2.3. “Hybrid” systems Endnotes Chapter 2 The Issue of Relevance in Artificial Intelligence 2.1. Introduction 2.2. The Frame Problem First Exposed 2.3. Beyond Symbolic AI 2.4. Some Preliminary Words in Regards to “Today” Endnotes Chapter 3 The Relevance of Relevance: From Mètis to Creativity 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Mètis — Adaptive Expertise Through Mindful Enactments of Context and Relevance 3.3. The Relevance of Adaptive Expertise 3.4. Achieving Relevance Through the Creative Ambiguity (and Symbolic Transformations) of Mètis 3.5. A Few Words on Creativity References Endnotes Chapter 4 Historic Underpinnings to Our Quest for Knowledge Representations 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle’s Contribution to Western Rational and Empirical Abstractionism 4.3. The Rise of Absolute Rules and Representations 4.4. Repression of the Sophistic Perspective 4.5. The Interesting Case of Aristotle’s Phronesis — Representational or Non-Representational? References Endnotes Chapter 5 Human Cognition and Behavior: A Computational and Representational Decision-Making Perspective 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Cognitive Science and the Classical (Symbolic) Computer Theory of the Mind 5.3. The Connectionist Approach to Cognition and its Attempt to Emulate Human Abduction 5.4. Representational “Embodiedand Embedded” Cognition and Heideggerian AI 5.5. Preliminary Thoughts on “So What?” Endnotes Chapter 6 Radical Embodied Cognitive Science and Certain Irreducible Phenomena Associated with Adaptive Expertise (Mètis) 6.1. Introduction 6.2. RECS and its Ecological, Dynamic, and Enactive Perspectives 6.3. So What? 6.4. Potential Pitfalls and Overextensions within RECS as a Reminder of Human Phenomenology 6.5. Language’s Overlapping Dimensions of Representation, Non-Representation, and Phenomenology References Endnotes Chapter 7 Human Mindlessness and Technology 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Intra-Enactive Agency, Embodiment, and the Pertinence of Metaphors 7.3. Human Mindlessness Through the “Technology is a Tool” Metaphor 7.4. Technology’s Enactive Effect References Endnotes Chapter 8 Achieving Meaningful Human Control Through Mindfulness and Creative Metaphors 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Challenging Past and Current Enactments On and By Technology Across a Democratic Process 8.3. Mindfulness and its Role in Individual and Organizational Adaptive Expertise 8.4. Alternative Futures Through Creative Metaphors 8.5. Aiming for Meaningful Human Control Through the “Lived Body” Metaphor Endnotes Chapter 9 Relevant Conversational Processes to Avoid “Success as the Seed of Future Mindlessness” 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Seeking Meaningful/Relevant Conversations as Both Inquiry and a Characteristic of Socio-Technical Systems 9.3. A Few Examples Showing the Importance of Meaningful/Relevant Conversations 9.4. Recognizing and Channeling Material-Discursive Practices Within IS 9.5. A Few Words On How To Avoid “Success as the Seed of Future Failure” Endnotes Chapter 10 Meaningful Human Control to Ensure Responsible Socio-Technical Systems 10.1. Introduction 10.2. A Short Recapitulation of Meaningful Human Control Through Mindful Organizational Enactments 10.3. Responsibility vs. Control 10.4. Responsible Actions Require Meaningful Human Control References Endnotes Chapter 11 A Few Analogies and Metaphors on Quantum Physics as Related to Mind, Artificial Intelligence, Language, and Mètis 11.1. Introduction 11.2. A Few More Words on Metaphorical Thinking and Analogical Reasoning 11.3. The Quantum Mind Analogy as an Open-Ended Non-Modelable Approach 11.4. Quantum Effects as Part of Narrow AI’s Ongoing Developments 11.5. The Quantum Metaphors — From Language to Mètis Reference Endnotes Chapter 12 Conclusion: More Than Just “Connecting the Dots” Endnotes Index