Sociology matters

Description

Suitable for instructors who use a variety of materials in their course, this title offers an introduction to the discipline of sociology. Cover Page......Page 1 APPLICATIONS OF SOCIOLOGY’S MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES......Page 2 COVERAGE OF RACE AND ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND SOCIAL CLASS......Page 3 Half Title Page......Page 4 Other Books By......Page 5 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright Page......Page 7 Dedication......Page 8 About the Author......Page 9 Preface......Page 11 Brief Contents......Page 23 Table of Content......Page 24 Chapter 1 The Sociological View......Page 32 What Is Sociology?......Page 33 The Sociological Imagination......Page 34 Sociology and the Social Sciences......Page 35 Sociology and Common Sense......Page 36 What Is Sociological Theory?......Page 37 Early Thinkers: Comte, Martineau, and Spencer......Page 39 Émile Durkheim......Page 40 Karl Marx......Page 41 W.E.B. Dubois......Page 42 Modern Developments......Page 43 Functionalist Perspective......Page 46 Conflict Perspective......Page 48 Interactionist Perspective......Page 50 The Sociological Approach......Page 51 What Is the Scientific Method?......Page 52 Defining the Problem......Page 53 Formulating the Hypothesis......Page 54 Collecting and Analyzing Data......Page 55 Developing the Conclusion......Page 56 In Summary: The Scientific Method......Page 57 Surveys......Page 58 Ethnography......Page 59 Use of Existing Sources......Page 60 Ethics of Research......Page 62 Applied and Clinical Sociology......Page 63 Summary......Page 65 Chapter 2 Culture and Socialization......Page 68 What Is Culture?......Page 69 Ethnocentrism......Page 71 Cultural Relativism......Page 72 Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology......Page 73 Subcultures......Page 75 Countercultures......Page 76 Language and Culture......Page 77 Norms......Page 79 Sanctions......Page 80 Values......Page 81 Global Culture War......Page 83 Culture and the Dominant Ideology......Page 84 Sociobiology: The Impact of Heredity......Page 85 Social Environment: The Impact of Isolation......Page 86 Cooley: Looking-Glass Self......Page 88 Mead: Stages of the Self......Page 89 Mead: Theory of the Self......Page 90 Goffman: Presentation of the Self......Page 91 Psychological Approaches to the Self......Page 92 Agents of Socialization......Page 93 Family......Page 94 Peer Group......Page 96 Mass Media and Technology......Page 97 Religion and the State......Page 99 Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization......Page 100 Summary......Page 102 Chapter 3 Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure......Page 105 Social Interaction and Reality......Page 107 Statuses......Page 108 Social Roles......Page 110 Groups......Page 111 Social Networks......Page 113 Virtual Worlds......Page 114 Social Institutions......Page 116 Durkheim’s Mechanical and Organic Solidarity......Page 117 Tönnies’s Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft......Page 118 Lenski’s Sociocultural Evolution......Page 119 Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies......Page 123 Characteristics of a Bureaucracy......Page 124 Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture......Page 126 Summary......Page 128 Chapter 4 Deviance and Social Control......Page 131 Social Control......Page 132 Conformity and Obedience......Page 134 Informal and Formal Social Control......Page 136 What Is Deviance?......Page 137 Sociological Perspectives on Deviance......Page 139 Functionalist Perspective......Page 140 Interactionist Perspective......Page 142 Labeling Perspective......Page 144 Conflict Perspective......Page 145 Feminist Perspective......Page 146 Victimless Crimes......Page 147 Professional Crime......Page 148 White-Collar and Technology-Based Crime......Page 149 Hate Crime......Page 151 Transnational Crime......Page 152 Index Crimes and Victimization Surveys......Page 153 Crime Trends......Page 154 International Crime Rates......Page 155 Summary......Page 157 Chapter 5 Stratification in the United States and Global Inequality......Page 159 Systems of Stratification......Page 160 Castes......Page 161 Social Classes......Page 162 Karl Marx’s View of Class Differentiation......Page 164 Max Weber’s View of Stratification......Page 165 Interactionist Perspective on Stratification......Page 166 Functionalist Perspective......Page 167 Conflict Perspective......Page 168 Lenski’s Viewpoint......Page 169 Measuring Social Class......Page 170 Income and Wealth......Page 173 Poverty......Page 175 Life Chances......Page 179 Open versus Closed Stratification Systems......Page 180 Social Mobility in the United States......Page 181 The Global Divide......Page 184 Legacy of Colonialism......Page 185 Multinational Corporations......Page 187 Modernization......Page 190 Summary......Page 192 Chapter 6 Inequality by Race and Ethnicity......Page 195 The Privileges of the Dominant......Page 196 The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity......Page 198 Race......Page 199 Ethnicity......Page 201 History of Immigration......Page 202 Functions of Immigration......Page 204 Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity......Page 205 The Functionalist Perspective......Page 206 The Labeling Perspective......Page 207 Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination......Page 208 Color-Blind Racism......Page 209 Discriminatory Behavior......Page 210 Institutional Discrimination......Page 211 Measuring Discrimination......Page 214 Summary......Page 217 Chapter 7 Inequality by Gender......Page 219 The Social Construction of Gender......Page 220 Women’s and Men’s Gender Roles......Page 222 A Cross-Cultural Perspective......Page 225 The Functionalist Perspective......Page 226 The Feminist Perspective......Page 227 Intersections with Race, Class, and Other Social Factors......Page 228 The Interactionist Perspective......Page 229 Women: The Oppressed Majority......Page 230 The Status of Women Worldwide......Page 231 Labor Force Participation......Page 232 The Social Consequences of Women’s Employment......Page 235 Summary......Page 237 Chapter 8 Social Institutions: Family and Religion......Page 239 Functionalist Perspective......Page 240 Conflict Perspective......Page 242 Interactionist Perspective......Page 243 Composition: What Is the Family?......Page 244 Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?......Page 246 Authority Patterns: Who Rules?......Page 247 Functionalist Perspective......Page 248 Conflict Perspective......Page 249 Feminist Perspective......Page 250 Human Sexuality......Page 251 Labeling and Human Sexuality......Page 252 Religion as a Social Institution......Page 254 The Integrative Function of Religion......Page 255 Religion and Social Change......Page 256 Religion and Social Control: A Conflict Perspective......Page 257 Feminist Perspective on Religion......Page 258 Belief......Page 259 Experience......Page 261 Summary......Page 264 Chapter 9 Social Institutions: Education, Government, and the Economy......Page 266 Functionalist Perspective......Page 267 Conflict Perspective......Page 269 Feminist Perspective......Page 272 Education: Schools as Formal Organizations......Page 273 Bureaucratization of Schools......Page 274 Teachers: Employees and Instructors......Page 276 Government: Power and Authority......Page 277 Types of Authority......Page 278 Who Rules in the United States?......Page 280 Economic Systems......Page 283 Capitalism......Page 284 Socialism......Page 285 Capitalism in China......Page 287 Changing Economies......Page 289 The Changing Face of the Workforce......Page 290 Deindustrialization......Page 291 Summary......Page 293 Chapter 10 Population, Community, Health, and the Environment......Page 296 Demography: The Study of Population......Page 297 Malthus’s Thesis and Marx’s Response......Page 298 Studying Population Today......Page 299 Elements of Demography......Page 300 Early Communities......Page 301 Preindustrial Cities......Page 302 Industrial and Postindustrial Cities......Page 303 Functionalist Perspective: Urban Ecology......Page 305 Conflict Perspective: New Urban Sociology......Page 307 Functionalist Perspective......Page 309 Conflict Perspective......Page 310 Interactionist Perspective......Page 312 Labeling Perspective......Page 313 Social Epidemiology......Page 314 Social Class......Page 315 Race and Ethnicity......Page 316 Age......Page 318 Environmental Issues......Page 319 A Conflict Perspective on Environmental Issues......Page 324 Ecological Modernization......Page 325 Environmental Justice......Page 326 Summary......Page 328 Chapter 11 Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology......Page 330 Social Movements......Page 331 The Relative Deprivation Approach......Page 332 The Resource Mobilization Approach......Page 333 Gender and Social Movements......Page 334 New Social Movements......Page 335 Evolutionary Theory......Page 336 Functionalist Perspective......Page 338 Conflict Perspective......Page 339 Global Social Change......Page 340 Resistance to Social Change......Page 341 Economic and Cultural Factors......Page 342 Resistance to Technology......Page 343 Computer Technology......Page 345 Biotechnology and the Gene Pool......Page 349 Summary......Page 351 Appendix......Page 353 Glossary......Page 357 References......Page 368 Credits......Page 401 Index......Page 403 Back Cover......Page 420