Soil physical conditions and plant roots

Description

"This book is a specialized monograph on soil physical conditions and root-system relations. It attempts to explain the importance of physical properties of soil by showing how they affect root growth and functions; and on the other hand, how roots themselves change their environment. Emphasis is placed on the interactive effects of soil physical factors. An attempt has been made to analyze the possibilities of the root system?s modification by both soil and plant management.The book is addressed to research workers and advanced students in soil and plant sciences and may also be of interest to agronomists and related specialists."--Provided by publisher. Read more... Abstract: "This book is a specialized monograph on soil physical conditions and root-system relations. It attempts to explain the importance of physical properties of soil by showing how they affect root growth and functions; and on the other hand, how roots themselves change their environment. Emphasis is placed on the interactive effects of soil physical factors. An attempt has been made to analyze the possibilities of the root system?s modification by both soil and plant management.The book is addressed to research workers and advanced students in soil and plant sciences and may also be of interest to agronomists and related specialists."--Provided by publisher Content: Cover Title Page Copyright Page FOREWORD PREFACE THE AUTHORS DEDICATION Table of Contents Chapter 1: SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ROOT GROWTH 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Texture 1.2 Surface Area 1.3 Structure 1.4 Pore Space 1.5 Density and Bulk Density 1.6 Water 1.7 Temperature 1.8 Aeration 1.9 Consistency, Compression, and Compaction 1.10 Interrelation of Soil Physical Characteristics Chapter 2: ROOTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 2.0 Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Root Systems 2.0.1 Root Morphology 2.0.2 Root Anatomy 2.0.3 Root Growth. 2.0.4 Mechanical Properties of Roots2.1 Root Metabolism 2.2 Root Exudation 2.3 Sorption and Transport of Water and Nutrients by Roots 2.3.1 Sorption and Transport of Water 2.3.1.1 Absorptive Capacity of Roots 2.3.1.1.1 Age of Roots 2.3.1.1.2 Water Uptake Rate and Root Permeability (Hydraulic Conductance) 2.3.1.2 Water Absorption 2.3.1.2.1 Osmotic (Active) Absorption of Water 2.3.1.2.2 Passive Absorption of Water 2.3.1.3 Water Movement in Roots 2.3.1.3.1 Radial Water Movement 2.3.1.3.2 Longitudinal (Axial) Water Movement 2.3.1.4 Translocation of Water in the Soil by Roots. 2.3.2 Sorption and Transport of Nutrients2.4 Relations Between Roots and Above-Ground Parts Chapter 3: SOIL-ROOT INTERFACE 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Physical Aspects 3.1.1 Root-Soil Contact Area 3.1.2 Root-Soil Water Relations 3.2 Physicochemical and Chemical Aspects 3.3 Biological Aspects Chapter 4: INFLUENCE OF SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS ON ROOT GROWTH AND FUNCTIONS 4.0 Texture 4.1 Structure 4.2 Mechanical Impedance 4.2.1 Artificial Media 4.2.2 Soil Conditions 4.2.2.1 Root Growth 4.2.2.2 Morphology of Roots 4.2.2.2.1 Root Branching 4.2.2.2.2 Root Hairs 4.2.2.2.3 Root Distribution. 4.2.2.3 Root Anatomy4.2.2.4 Root Functions 4.2.2.4.1 Water Uptake 4.2.2.4.2 Nutrient Uptake and Chemical Composition of Roots 4.2.2.4.3 Photosynthate Requirements and Oxygen Supply and Uptake 4.2.2.4.4 Symbiotic Fungi, Nodulation, Biological Activity, and Root Diseases 4.2.2.5 Root Growth and Penetrometer Pressure 4.2.3 Modeling of Root Growth in Relation to Mechanical Impedance 4.3 Water 4.3.1 Root Growth 4.3.2 Root Morphology 4.3.3 Root Porosity 4.3.4 Root Functions 4.3.5 Drought Tolerance 4.3.6 Irrigation 4.3.7 Waterlogging 4.3.8 Drainage 4.3.9 Root Diseases. 4.3.10 Modeling of Water Uptake by Roots4.4 Oxygen 4.4.1 Diffusion of Oxygen To and Within Plant Roots 4 4.1.1 Radial Diffusion 4.4.1.2 Longitudinal Diffusion 4.4.2 Root Respiration and Factors Affecting lt 4.4.2.1 External Factors 4.4.2.1.1 Oxygen 4.4.2.1.2 Carbon Dioxide 4.4.2.1.3 NPK Fertilization 4.4.2.1.4 Ethylene 4.4.2.1.5 Temperature 4.4.2.1.6 Soil Mechanical Impedance 4.4.2.1. 7 Soil Salinity 4.4.2.1.8 Redox Potential and Soil Acidity 4.4.2.2 Internal Factors 4.4.2.3 Respiration of Root Nodules 4.4.3 Metabolic Activity and Energy Charge of Roots Under Anoxia.