Resilient and Responsible Smart Cities: The Path to Future Resiliency

Description

This book is a compilation of diverse, yet homogenic, research papers that discuss current advances in Earth Observation and Geospatial Information Technologies to tackle new horizons concerning the digitization and information management in smart cities’ infrastructures. The book also tackles the challenges faced by urban planners by the new mega-cities and proposes a series of solutions to resolve complex urban issues. It suggests enhancing the integration of disciplines, thus, bringing together architects, urban planners, civil engineers, landscape designers and computer scientists to address the problems that our cities are facing. This book is a culmination of selected research papers from IEREK’s fourth edition of the International Conference on Future Smart Cities (FSC) and the fourth edition of the International Conference on Resilient and Responsible Architecture and Urbanism (RRAU) held online in collaboration with the XMUM, Selangor, Malaysia (2021). Scientific Committee Resilient and Responsible Smart Cities The Path to Future Resiliency References Contents Challenges and Key Components for Developing Smart Cities 1 ARID—An Augmented Reality Mobile Application for Interior Design Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Previous Studies of Proposed AR-Enabled Interior Design Applications 2.2 Case Study on Existing AR-Enabled Interior Design Applications 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Place AR Object and AR Object Interaction 4.2 Change Wall and Floor Color 4.3 Collaborative Session 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 2 A Human-Centred Technology Approach to Pedestrian Safety in Smart Cities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Pedestrians and Road Safety 2.2 The Promise of Smart Cities 2.3 Digital Media in Cities 3 Linking Current Pedestrian Safety Approaches with HCI Research 3.1 Public Awareness Campaigns 3.2 Physical Interventions 3.3 Signalling Systems 3.4 In-Vehicle Systems 4 Policy-Based Solutions 5 A Human-Centred Investigation of Pedestrian Safety 5.1 Data Collection 5.2 Over-Time Comparison 5.3 Identification of Common Themes 5.4 Using Human-Centred Insights to Guide Future Interventions 6 Discussion 6.1 Opportunities for Future Smart City Solutions 6.2 Methodological Recommendations 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 3 A Machine Learning Approach for Locating Businesses Along Main Arteries in Inner Cities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods/Tools/Techniques 3.1 Ordered Good Index (OGI) 3.2 Distance Map and Wasserstein Metric 4 Case Study 4.1 Geoeconomic Analysis by Calculating Ordered Good Index (OGI) 4.2 Clustering Business Categories by Geolocation Features 4.3 Clustering Business Categories by Wasserstein Metric 4.4 Testing and Evaluation of the Machine Learning (ML) Predictor 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References 4 Game Theory Applied to Smart Village Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Game Theory 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Geographical Localization of Producers 2.2 Distance Variable 2.3 Supply and Demand Variables 3 Results 3.1 Input Data 3.2 Algorithm for the Coalition-Building in a Cooperative Game with Transferable Utility 3.3 Output Data 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 5 The Youth Smart City: Co-producing the Next Urban Vision with the Young Abstract 1 Introduction: Caterpillar and Butterfly 2 From Nature Smart to Youth Smart 3 Coping with Uncertainty 4 Placemaking and Co-creating 5 Scenario Planning and Co-designing 6 Making of Future and Co-production 7 Conclusion: In Search of Lost Future Appendix: A Short History of Participatory Planning from 1960 to 2020 The 1960s: Seedling—Changing the Mindset The 1970s and 1980s: Growing—Changing the Behavior The 1990s: Maturing—Changing the Culture The 2010s: Blooming—Changing the Framework The 2020s: Ripening—Changing the Worldview References 6 A Study on Innovative Smart City System with Blockchain Technology: Providing Better Living Environment for Humans Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Hyperledger Fabric Framework 1.2 Smart City and IoT Technology 2 Problem Statement 2.1 Research Objectives 2.2 Research Questions 3 Framework 3.1 Hypothesis 4 Methodology 4.1 Research Design 5 Data Analysis 5.1 Number of Nodes 5.2 Number of Channels 5.3 Number of Organization 5.4 The Target Node 6 Findings 6.1 Number of Nodes 6.2 Number of Channels 6.3 Number of Organizations 6.4 Target Node 7 Conclusion References 7 Quantitative Evaluation Method for Retrofitting Suburbia Practice Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Building the Evaluation Matrix 3.1 Aspects to Focus On 3.2 Variables to Be Quantified 3.3 The Evaluation Matrix 4 Experiments 4.1 Explain the Database and Study Cases 4.2 The Experiment of the Evaluation Matrix 4.2.1 Selecting Retrofitting Cases Case Selecting Evaluation Results Analysis 5 Conclusion and Reflections References The Path to Resiliency: Theory and Application 8 Flexible and Intelligently Controlled Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Battery 2.2 Supercapacitor 3 The Proposed Design and Method 3.1 On-Load Transformer 3.2 Harmonic Filter 3.3 AC/DC Converter 3.4 DC/DC Converter 3.5 Control Strategy 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 9 A Landscape Design Strategy for the Regeneration of Brownfield: The Case of Shougang Industrial Park in China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Principles of Brownfield Regeneration 2.2 SWOT Analysis 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Site Investigation 3.3 Design Strategy 4 Results Acknowledgements References 10 Thermophysical Properties of Landscape Material and Its Effect on Daytime Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Tropical City Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 11 The Climate Change Impact on Refugee Camps, Al Za’atari Case Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Refugee Camps and Enviromental Challenges 3.1 Refugees Camp Physical Built Environmnet and Sustainability 3.2 Climate Change, Environmental Challenges, and Refugees 3.3 Za’atari Camp Built Environment and Performance 4 Alternatives to Improve Quality of Life for Refugees in Za'atari Camp 4.1 Vernacular Architecture for Thermal Comfort 4.2 Green and Sustainable Solutions for Delivering Basic Services 5 Conclusion References 12 Socio-Spatial Aspects of Organic and Planned Dhaka: The Sense of Community and Communal Resilience are Embedded in the Indigenous Settlement Pattern Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Correlation Between Socio-Cultural Construct and Space Morphology 1.2 Dhaka, The City of Culture 1.3 Indigenous Spatial Pattern 1.4 Morphological Transformation 1.5 Aftermath of the Morphological Transformation 1.6 Aim and Objective 1.7 Methodology 2 Literature Review 2.1 Indigenous Socio-Spatial Structure of Dhaka Within Organic Urban Structure 2.1.1 ‘Moholla’ as a Unit of Socio-Spatial Morphology 2.1.2 ‘Moholla’ Morphology of Indigenous Core of Dhaka Endorsing Sense of Community 2.2 Socio-Spatial Aspects of Dhaka Within the Planned Urban Grid 3 Context Analysis 3.1 Tanti Bazar 3.1.1 Uthan (Courtyard) 3.1.2 Goli (Lane) 3.1.3 Morh (Node) 3.1.4 Chowk (Market Square) 3.2 Dhanmondi Residential Area (DRA) 3.2.1 Designated Community Space 3.2.2 Living Unit 3.2.3 Roads 4 Discussion, Recommendation, and Conclusion 4.1 Sense of Community in the Time of ‘Social Distance’ 4.2 Strategies to Create Socio-Cultural Interaction Through Spatial Morphology 4.3 Conclusion References Resiliency for the Future 13 Investigating Pupils’ Responses to Urban Spaces Around Schools: Actions for a Responsive Environment Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Flexibility of Public Spaces 2.2 Variety as an Essential Quality Aspect 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Case Study 3.2 Data and Sampling 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Observation Results 4.2 The Questionnaire Results 4.3 Space Syntax Results 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 14 Case Study of Urban Resilience—Brazilian River: City-Scale, Common Problems, and Collective Cooperation Solutions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Research Problem and Objective 3 The Research Methodology 4 The Case of São Paulo 5 The Case of Curitiba 6 The Case of Blumenau 7 Conclusion References 15 Sustainable and Resilient Planning, Developed Housing Models for Istanbul Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Methodology 3 Istanbul, Housing Models and Problematics Since the 20th Century 3.1 Istanbul: Beginning of the 20th Century, Towards 1990s, Housing Plannings 3.2 The Earlier Models Come Back, as Today New Sustainable and Resilient Houses 3.3 The Earlier Models Come Back as Todays Sustainable and Resilient Design 3.4 The Earlier Models Come Back for Todays Sustainable and Resilient Design 4 Sustainable, Resilient, and Eco-City Models in the World 4.1 The New and Innovative Projects for Istanbul: Sustainable Housing Models and Housing Typologies After the Covid-19 5 Conclusion References 16 Application of Machine Learning to Estimate Retrofitting Cost of School Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 National School Buildings Stock Status 2.2 Literature Review on Retrofit Cost Evaluation 2.3 Artificial Intelligence for Building Retrofit 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 3.2 Feature Selection and Ranking 3.3 Training the ML Models 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion Annex 1 References 17 Decision-Making Framework to Identify the Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Switching UK Representative Domestic Buildings Towards the Net-Zero Target Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 On-Site Renewable System and Energy Storage 2.2 Renewable System Performance Evaluation Criteria 3 Decision-Making Framework Development 3.1 Selection of the Retrofitted Representative UK Domestic Building 3.2 Building Energy Demand Modelling 3.3 Practical HRES Combinations 3.4 HRES Sizing 3.5 Selection of Performance Evaluation Indicators in the Decision-Making 3.6 Criteria Collection and Weighting 3.7 Decision-Making 4 Preliminary Result 5 Future Research 6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References