Road Vehicle Automation 9

Description

This book is the ninth volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. It gathers contributions to the Automated Road Transportation Symposium (ARTS), held on July 12-15, 2021, as a fully virtual event, and as a continuation of TRB's annual summer symposia on automated vehicle systems. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspectives on the opportunities and challenges associated with automating road transportation. It highlights innovative strategies, including public policies, infrastructure planning and automated technologies, which are expected to foster sustainable and automated mobility in the near future, thus addressing industry, government and research communities alike.  Preface Contents Introduction: The Automated Road Transportation Symposium 2021 1 Overview 2 Keynote Talks 3 Plenary Panel Sessions 3.1 Opportunities in Automated Local Package Delivery 3.2 Automated Trucking 3.3 Automation in Shared Mobility and Public Transit 3.4 Understanding Critical Challenges for Safer Deployment of AVs with the Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium (AVSC) 3.5 What’s Ahead for AV Legislation and Regulations? 3.6 State DOT Automated Vehicle Research and Collaboration Activities 3.7 The Business of Automated Vehicles and the Path to Commercialization 4 Plenary Presentations 4.1 Presentations on Specific Topics 4.2 National and International Government Activities Relevant to Automated Driving 5 Breakout Sessions 5.1 ARTS Breakout Sessions 6 General Cross-Cutting Observations Reference Part I: Public Sector and Policy Activities Development of Driving Intelligence Validation Platform (DIVP®) for ADS Safety Assurance 1 Introduction 2 Driving Intelligence Validation Platform (DIVP®) 2.1 Scope and Objective 2.2 Sensor Modeling Based on Physical Property Measurement 2.3 Environmental Model 2.4 Roadmap for DIVP®Scenario Package 2.5 Application Examples 2.6 International Cooperation: Japan-Germany Collaborative VIVID Project 3 Conclusions 4 Next Steps References The Great Promise of AV - But it Needs to be Done Properly 1 Introduction 2 Industry Considerations 2.1 Unintended Consequences 3 Considerations for Regulatory Authorities 3.1 Operational Design Domain Restrictions 3.2 Monitoring an AV Driver’s Level of Engagement 3.3 Event Data Recorders for Automated Vehicles 4 Closing References How Critical is Connectivity? 1 Introduction 2 Summary of Presentations 2.1 OEM Perspectives 2.2 Industry and User Perspectives 2.3 Federal and Regional Perspectives 3 Conclusions 3.1 Summary of Discussions 3.2 Key Findings and Lessons Learned 4 Next Steps References Innovation Strategies and Funding Policies for Automated and Electric Road Mobility 1 Introduction 2 Synergies and Complementarities 3 Research and Innovation Strategies in Europe 4 Funding Programmes and Projects in Europe 5 International Benchmarks 6 Conclusions and Outlook References Part II: Business Models and Operations Automated Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Town Hall 1 Introduction 2 Summary of Presentations 2.1 Autonomous Vehicles and Off-Cycle Emission Credit Testing 2.2 National Academies Light-Duty Fuel Economy Report: Findings on CAV Technology Energy Impacts 2.3 National Academies Light-Duty Fuel Economy Report: Policies to Promote CAV Technology Energy Savings 2.4 Impact of Vehicle Automation on Energy Consumption 2.5 Automated Vehicle Policies for Equity and Clean Air 2.6 Energy Efficiencies of Trucking Automation Now and into the Future 2.7 Infrastructure Assisted Automated Driving on Highways 2.8 Improving the Energy Efficiency of Connected and Automated Vehicles: Results from ARPA-E’s NEXTCAR Program 3 Conclusions 4 Next Steps References Sharing Automated Vehicles: Policies and Ideas to Improve the Sharing Experience to Reduce Congestion and Energy Use in a Post-COVID World 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation for Shared AVs: Energy Use and Congestion 1.2 Public Attitudes About Sharing 2 Levers Impacting the Adoption of Shared AVs 2.1 Economic Levers 2.2 Procedural/Legal Levers – Trust 2.3 Procedural/Legal Levers – Land Use 2.4 Technological Levers – Vehicle and Infrastructure Design 2.5 Cultural Levers 3 Conclusions References Part III: Users and Human Factors Human-Centric Intelligent Driving: Collaborating with the Driver to Improve Safety 1 Introduction 2 Driver Monitoring 2.1 Two Key Challenges 2.2 Two Ongoing Efforts 2.3 Future Trends in Driver Monitoring 3 Emergency Interventions: The Need for Expert Driving Skills 3.1 Key Benefits, Challenges and Present Research 3.2 Ongoing Research Efforts 4 Scene Understanding: Risk Modeling and Behavior Forecasting 4.1 Scene Risk and Uncertainty Estimation 4.2 Intent Estimation and Prediction 5 Next Steps: Human-Machine Interaction 6 Conclusion References Automated Shuttles and Buses for All Users 1 Introduction 2 Examples of Automated Shuttle and Bus Pilots, Demonstrations, and Deployments 2.1 Linden Leap, Columbus, Ohio 2.2 I-STREET, Gainesville, Florida and the Beep, Lake Nona, Florida 2.3 Arlington Rideshare, Automation, and Payment Integration Demonstration (RAPID), Arlington, Texas 2.4 The Med City Mover, Rochester, Minnesota 2.5 Automated Shuttles in the Wright Brothers National Memorial and Yellowstone National Park 2.6 Houston METRO AV Proving Ground, Houston, Texas 2.7 CAVForth, Edinburgh Scotland 3 Research Projects 3.1 Automated Shuttles and Buses for All Users, Texas A&M Transportation Institute 3.2 Demonstration Study: Older Drivers’ Experiences with Autonomous Vehicle Technology, University of Florida 3.3 Automated Vehicle Services for People with Disabilities—Involving Responsive Engineering Center, University of Pittsburgh 4 Private Sector Activities with Automated Shuttles and Buses 5 Additional Research Part IV: Vehicle and Road Systems Technology Development What’s Next in AV Standards and Simulation Validation? 1 Introduction 1.1 Standards Landscape Overview 2 Hot Topic Areas 2.1 Hot Topic 1: ADS Safety Assurance 2.2 Hot Topic 2: Physical Infrastructure 2.3 Hot Topic 3: Connectivity and Cooperative Driving Automation 2.4 Hot Topic 4: Testing and Simulation, Validation and Representativeness 2.5 Herding Cats 3 Conclusions 4 Next Steps References Six Years of Reading the Road Ahead: Supporting Roadway Automation with Traffic Control Devices 1 Introduction 1.1 Reading the Road Ahead 1.2 The Driving Task 2 Summary of the Discussions 2.1 Context and Scope 2.2 Recent Research and Trends 2.3 New Insights and Suggestions 3 Conclusions 4 Next Steps References Remote Support for Automated Vehicle Operations 1 Introduction 2 Summary of Presentations 2.1 Experience and End User Feedback from Operation of Public Transport Without Safety Driver 2021 2.2 Human Factors in Remote Operation of Automated Vehicles 2.3 Highlights from Other Presentations 3 Conclusions and Next Steps References Part V: Transport System Planning Ensuring Strong Public Support for Automation in the Planning Process: From Engagement to Co-creation 1 Introduction 2 Summary of the Discussion 2.1 Status of Public Support in Different Social Groups and Geographies 2.2 Transferrable Results from Prior Engagement and Promotion Campaigns 2.3 Strategies for Public Engagement and Involvement in the Planning and Implementation of Regular, Automated Services 3 Conclusions 4 Next Steps References Author Index