Prosodic Typology II: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing

Description

This volume contains detailed surveys of the intonational phonology of fourteen typologically diverse languages, described in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. Unlike the first volume, half of the languages are understudied languages and/or researched through fieldwork, and all vary widely in their word prosody as well as their geographic distribution. Each chapter provides the prosodic structure and intonational categories of the language as well as a description of focus prosody. The book also includes a chapter on the methodology of studying intonation from data collection to analysis, as well as a chapter on prosidic typology which proposes a new way of characterizing the intonation of the world's languages. The sound files accompaning the descriptions are available on the book's companion website. Title Pages Preface The Contributors List of Abbreviations Symbols Introduction The intonational phonology of European Portuguese Abstract and Keywords 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Previous work on EP prosody 2.3 Prosodic phrasing and intonation in EP 2.3.1 Data and methodological procedures 2.3.2 Prosodic structure (p.9) 2.3.2.1 The prosodic word 2.3.2.2 Phonological phrase 2.3.2.3 Intonational phrase 2.3.2.4 Focus and prosodic phrasing 2.3.2.5 Phrasing domains and pitch accents 2.3.3 Intonational analysis (p.17) 2.3.3.1 Declaratives 2.3.3.2 Questions (p.27) 2.3.3.3 Imperatives (p.33) 2.3.3.4 Vocative chant 2.3.3.5 Intonational analysis: summary 2.4 Prosodic phrasing and intonation across varieties (p.40) 2.5 Summary and conclusion The intonational phonology of Catalan Abstract and Keywords 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Catalan prosody and prosodic structure 3.2.1 Stress and rhythmic structure 3.2.2 Levels of phrasing 3.3 Intonational phonology 3.3.1 The pitch accents 3.3.2 The boundary tones (p.54) 3.3.3 Basic intonational patterns in Catalan (p.55) 3.3.3.1 Statements Broad focus statements Narrow focus statements (p.59) 3.3.3.2 Biased statements Statements of the obvious (p.60) (p.61) Disapproval statements Hesitation statements 3.3.3.3 Questions 3.3.3.3.1 Yes-no questions 3.3.3.3.2 Wh-questions 3.3.3.3.3 Biased questions 3.3.3.4 Imperatives: commands and requests (p.73) (p.74) 3.3.3.5 Vocatives 3.4 Nuclear configurations 3.5 Discussion and conclusion Notes: The intonational phonology of Bangladeshi Standard Bengali Abstract and Keywords 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Previous studies 4.3 Intonational phonology of Bangladeshi Standard Bengali 4.3.1 Data collection 4.3.2 Prosodic structure (i) The accentual phrase (AP) (ii) The intermediate phrase (ip) (iii) The intonational phrase (IP) (iv) Role of the OCP (p.99) (v) Summary of tonal inventory 4.3.3 Sentence types (i) Non-interrogatives (ii) Interrogatives 4.3.4 Focus realization (i) Encliticized focus (L*…fHa) (p.103) (ii) Corrective/wh-answer focus: L*+fH (iii) Surprise focus: fH* (p.110) (iv) Interaction of focus high tone (fH) with surrounding tones (p.112) (v) Summary 4.4 B-ToBI (p.116) 4.5 Conclusions Notes: The intonational phonology of Tamil Abstract and Keywords 5.1 Introduction (p.120) 5.2 Data and data collection 5.3 Description of intonational phonology 5.3.1 Rising contours 5.3.1.1 Phonological characterization of low tones 5.3.1.2 Phonological characterization of high tones 5.3.2 Prosodic domains 5.3.2.1 Accentual phrases 5.3.2.2 Intonational phrases10 5.3.3 Declaratives (p.137) 5.3.4 Interrogatives 5.3.4.1 Wh-questions (p.144) 5.3.4.2 Yes-no questions 5.3.4.3 Tag questions 5.3.4.4 Echo questions 5.3.5 Effect of focus (p.152) (p.153) 5.4 Summary table Notes: An Autosegmental-Metrical analysis of Georgian intonation Abstract and Keywords 6.1 Introduction 6.2 General methods (p.156) 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Stress 6.3.2 Prosodic structure and declarative intonation 6.3.3 Wh-questions 6.3.4 Yes-no questions (p.174) 6.3.5 Focus 6.3.5.1 Word order (p.177) 6.3.5.2 Focus intonation Notes: The intonational phonology of Mongolian Abstract and Keywords 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Mongolian and the Mongolic languages 7.1.2 Studies of Mongolian prosody 7.2 Material 7.2.1 Speakers 7.2.2 Data and method 7.2.3 Speech style 7.2.4 The present approach 7.3 Prosodic structure 7.3.1 Stress, syllable, and mora in Halh Mongolian 7.3.2 Prosodic units marked by intonation (p.194) 7.3.3 The Accentual Phrase 7.3.4 The Intermediate Phrase (p.197) 7.3.5 Intonational Phrase 7.4 Focus in declaratives: types, direction, and span 7.4.1 Focus and accentuation 7.4.2 Left boundary tone as focus signaling 7.4.3 Low tone as focus signaling 7.4.4 Narrow focus spread 7.4.5 Focus on the utterance final word 7.4.6 Summary: prosodic structure of declaratives 7.5 Prosodic patterns of interrogative utterances 7.5.1 Interrogatives in Mongolian: grammatical remarks 7.5.2 Prosodic structuring of interrogatives: boundary types 7.5.3 Terminals in interrogatives 7.5.4 Prosodic cues of focus in interrogatives (p.211) 7.6 Pragmatically non-neutral utterances 7.6.1 Theoretical approach (p.212) 7.6.2 Expressing attitudes by tonal means in Halh Mongolian 7.7 Summary: tonal inventory of Halh Mongolian read speech 7.8 Conclusion Notes: Prosodic structure and focus realization in West Greenlandic Abstract and Keywords 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Data and data collection 8.3 Prosodic structure and effects of focus 8.3.1 Phonological word and mora 8.3.2 Intonation phrase and utterance 8.3.3 Phonological phrase 8.4 Conclusion Notes: Intonation and prosody in Dalabon Abstract and Keywords 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Dalabon prosody: stress accent or non-stress accent? 9.3 Prosodic structure of Dalabon 9.4 Tonal inventory 9.5 Main intonational contours of Dalabon 9.6 Focus realization 9.7 Conclusion 9.8 Summary Notes: Aspects of the intonational phonology of Jamaican Creole Abstract and Keywords 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Previous work on JC intonation and prosody 10.2 Overview of stress in JC 10.3 Methodology 10.3.1 Speakers 10.3.2 Elicitation 10.3.3 Materials (p.280) 10.3.4 Data processing and analysis 10.4 Intonational phonology 10.4.1 The intonational phrase 10.4.2 The intermediate phrase 10.4.3 Pitch accents and utterance types 10.4.3.1 Broad focus declarative 10.4.3.2 Wh-questions 10.4.3.3 Yes-no questions 10.4.3.4 Utterance internal IPs 10.4.4 Focus constructions 10.4.5 Pitch range manipulations 10.5 Summary 10.6 Conclusion Notes: The marked accentuation pattern of Curaçao Papiamentu Abstract and Keywords 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 The word-level prosodic contrasts of Curaçao Papiamentu (p.305) 11.1.2 Phonological representation of the word-prosodic distinctions 11.1.3 Comparison with Stockholm Swedish 11.1.4 The marked accentuation 11.2 Methodology 11.2.1 Materials 11.2.2 Procedure 11.2.3 Speakers 11.2.4 Data processing and analysis (p.312) 11.3 The marked accentuation pattern 11.3.1 Negation 11.3.1.1 Tone II, penult stress 11.3.1.2 Tone II, final stress 11.3.1.3 Tone I, penult stress 11.3.1.4 Tone I, final stress 11.3.1.5 Phonological analysis of the marked accentuation 11.3.2 Wh-questions 11.3.3 Imperatives 11.4 Conclusion Notes: Complex intonation near the tonal isogloss in the Netherlands Abstract and Keywords 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The dialect of Venlo 12.2.1 Four contours with Accent 1 12.2.2 Venlo words with Accent 2 12.3 The dialect of Helden 12.3.1 The “declarative” (H* Lι) and the “fall-rise interrogative” (H* LιHι) 12.3.2 The “low-rise interrogative” (L* HιHι) and the “high-rise interrogative” (H* HιHι) The low-rise interrogative (p.357) The high-rise interrogative (p.360) 12.4 Phonetic gradualness and phonological abruptness in dialect continua Notes: The intonation of Lebanese and Egyptian Arabic Abstract and Keywords 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Metrical phonology 13.3 Prosodic structure 13.3.1 LA prosodic structure 13.3.1.1 Prominence hierarchy 13.3.1.2 Constituency hierarchy (p.371) 13.3.1.3 Two levels of phrasing? 13.3.2 EA Prosodic structure 13.3.2.1 Prominence hierarchy (p.373) 13.3.2.2 Constituency hierarchy 13.3.2.3 Two levels of phrasing? 13.3.3 Summary 13.4 Intonational phonology 13.4.1 The intonational phonology of LA (p.377) 13.4.1.1 Main LA sentence types 13.4.1.2 Pitch accents 13.4.1.3 Phrase accents and boundary tones (p.387) 13.4.2 The intonational phonology of EA 13.4.2.1 Main EA sentence types 13.4.2.2 Pitch accents 13.4.2.3 Phrase accents and boundary tones 13.4.3 Summary 13.5 Focus 13.5.1 Prosodic reflexes of focus in LA 13.5.2 Prosodic reflexes of focus in EA 13.5.3 Summary (p.403) 13.6 Discussion and conclusion Notes: Intonation in Basque Abstract and Keywords 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Northern Bizkaian Basque 14.2.1 Introduction 14.2.2 Word-level prosody: Accented and unaccented words 14.2.3 Intonation of declarative sentences 14.2.3.1 Accentual phrases (p.412) 14.2.3.2 Intermediate phrases 14.2.3.3 Intonational phrases (p.422) 14.2.4 Prosodic realization of focus 14.2.4.1 Word order and its relationship to focus 14.2.4.2 Intonational realization of broad and narrow focus 14.2.5 Intonation of interrogative sentences 14.2.5.1 Yes-no questions 14.2.5.2 Interrogative-word questions (p.435) 14.2.6 Intonation of imperative sentences 14.2.7 Intonation of exclamative sentences (p.436) 14.2.8 Summary (p.439) 14.3 Standard Basque 14.3.1 Introduction 14.3.2 Word-level prosody: Stress and stress phrases 14.3.3 Declarative sentences 14.3.4 Continuation contours 14.3.5 Intonation of interrogative sentences 14.3.5.1 Yes-no questions 14.3.5.2 Interrogative-word questions 14.3.6 Imperatives 14.3.7 Exclamatives 14.3.8 Summary (p.463) 14.4 Summary of chapter Notes: Typology of intonational phrasing in Japanese dialects Abstract and Keywords 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Approach 15.2.1 Intonational phrasing 15.2.2 Word 15.2.3 Data collection (p.470) 15.3 Subclassification of dialects without lexical tones 15.3.1 Dialects without lexical tonal specification 15.3.2 One-pattern accent dialects 15.3.3 Accentless dialects 15.3.4 Dialect-specific intonational phrasing 15.3.5 Accentual Phrase 15.3.6 More examples of prosodic phrasing in dialects without lexical tone 15.3.7 Intermediate Phrase 15.3.8 Tonal variability at the phrase level 15.3.9 Summary 15.4 Classification of dialects with lexical tones 15.4.1 Classification of the [+lexical tone] dialects by the parameter [±multiword AP] 15.4.2 Tokyo dialect 15.4.3 Fukuoka dialect (p.487) 15.4.4 Osaka dialect 15.4.5 Kagoshima dialect 15.4.6 Summary 15.5 Conclusion Notes: Methodology of studying intonation: from data collection to data analysis Abstract and Keywords 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Designing and collecting intonation data in the laboratory 16.2.1 Finding intonational categories 16.2.1.1 If a language has stress 16.2.1.2 If a language has lexical pitch specification 16.2.1.3 If a language has no word prosody 16.2.2 More sentence types 16.2.3 Focus prosody 16.2.4 Investigating a prosodic structure and extending basic intonation patterns 16.2.5 Finding speakers, preparing for a script, and recording in the lab 16.3 Collecting intonation data in the field 16.3.1 Data collection 16.3.2 Finding a speaker for the fieldwork 16.3.3 Recording and processing the data 16.4 Analysis of intonation 16.4.1 Software 16.4.2 Deciding tonal categories 16.5 Conclusion Notes: Prosodic typology: by prominence type, word prosody, and macro-rhythm Abstract and Keywords 17.1 Introduction 17.2 New proposal: macro-rhythm (p.527) 17.3 Macro-rhythmicity in each prominence type 17.3.1 Head-prominence languages 17.3.2 Head/edge-prominence languages 17.3.3 Edge-prominence languages 17.4 A new, revised model of prosodic typology (p.536) 17.5 Discussion and conclusion 17.5.1 The typology model and macro-rhythm 17.5.2 Quantifying macro-rhythm 17.5.3 Conclusion Notes: References Index